A Practical Guide to Tube Electronics Vacuum tubes continue to exert a special fascination. Their long-lasting operation, robustness, and characteristic behavior fundamentally distinguish them from modern semiconductor technology. Despite their age, tubes are by no means merely historical components; they are still used today in audio technology, measurement technology, and especially in hobbyist applications. This book is aimed at electronics enthusiasts and hobbyists who want to not only learn about and understand vacuum tubes in theory, but also use them in practice. It conveys the fundamentals of tube technology, explains the different designs and designations, shows typical circuits, and addresses power supplies, measurements, and safety-related aspects. The focus is on practical explanations and realistic examples from the workshop. Numerous tips help you avoid typical mistakes, build circuits, and understand tube devices and their construction. Basic knowledge of electronics is assumed. Vacuum Tubes: A Practical Guide to Tube Electronics offers an accessible and thorough introduction to tube technology – factual, comprehensible, and with a clear focus on practical applications.

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From Theory to Practical Applications in Wireless Energy Transfer and Harvesting Wireless power transmission has gained significant global interest, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles and the Internet of Things (IoT). It’s a technology that allows the transfer of electricity without physical connections, offering solutions for everything from powering small devices over short distances to long-range energy transmission for more complex systems. Wireless Power Design provides a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and practical insights, helping you explore the potential of wireless energy transfer and harvesting technologies. The book presents a series of hands-on projects that cover various aspects of wireless power systems, each accompanied by detailed explanations and parameter listings. The following five projects guide you through key areas of wireless power: Project 1: Wireless Powering of Advanced IoT Devices Project 2: Wireless Powered Devices on the Frontline – The Future and Challenges Project 3: Wireless Powering of Devices Using Inductive Technology Project 4: Wireless Power Transmission for IoT Devices Project 5: Charging Robot Crawler Inside the Pipeline These projects explore different aspects of wireless power, from inductive charging to wireless energy transmission, offering practical solutions for real-world applications. The book includes projects that use simulation tools like CST Microwave Studio and Keysight ADS for design and analysis, with a focus on practical design considerations and real-world implementation techniques.

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Build Smart Applications with Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 Discover how easy and exciting mobile app development can be with MIT App Inventor. This hands-on guide takes you from basic concepts to building real-world mobile applications using a simple visual programming approach—no prior coding experience required. You will create IoT and AI-powered apps for Android devices and explore how App Inventor can also be used with iPhones and iPads. Connect your applications to platforms such as Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico (2)W and Raspberry Pi 5, enabling you to build smart, connected systems. Inside the book, you will learn how to: Build interactive apps using buttons, images, sound, and multimedia Create text-to-speech and speech-recognition applications Develop camera-based and location-aware (GPS) apps Design useful tools such as calculators and educational apps Work with smartphone sensors like accelerometers and light sensors Build AI-powered applications, including voice assistants and image-generation features Send and receive messages, and create communication-based apps Connect mobile apps to hardware using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Control real devices such as LEDs, motors, and sensors Designed for beginners, students, and hobbyists, this book focuses on learning by doing. By the end, you will have the skills and confidence to create your own innovative applications that interact with both the digital and physical worlds. Start building and turning your ideas into reality.

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Mehr als 275 Stromversorgungslösungen fürs Zuhause Dieser USB-Stick enthält über 275 verschiedene Stromversorgungsschaltungen aus den Elektor-Jahrgängen 2001-2025. Mit der Artikelsuchfunktion können Sie Volltextinhalte durchsuchen. Die Ergebnisse werden immer als vorformatierte PDF-Dokumente angezeigt. Highlights Cuk-Konverter Automatische Batterieumschaltung Batteriespannungs-LED Digitales Tischnetzteil Lithium-Ionen-Ladegerät Solarzellen-Ladegerät Elektronische Sicherung Hochspannungsregler Netzteil für USB-Geräte Aufwärtswandler für LEDs Batteriemanagement und vieles mehr... Auf dem Stick finden Sie auch einen Ordner mit zusätzlichem Material wie Platinenlayouts, Gerber-Dateien und Software. Technische Daten Speicher 16 GB Anschlüsse 1x USB-A1x USB-C Systemvoraussetzungen Rechner geeignet für Adobe Reader ab Version 7.0 Web-Browser

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Principles, Systems, and Electronics This handbook provides a detailed study of the sensors and actuators at the heart of modern vehicle electronics. It begins with basic electrical and electronic concepts, introducing the principles and terminology essential for understanding automotive systems. The book explores sensors and actuators on a system-by-system basis, including: Fundamentals of electrical engineering, electromagnetic phenomena, and motor principles Passive and active electronic components, integrated circuits, protection devices, and automotive-grade electronics Sensor characteristics, signal conditioning, ADCs, PWM and frequency outputs, and interface adaptation Automotive communication links and protocols, including LIN and SENT Engine sensors: air mass, pressure, temperature, speed, position, exhaust and emissions-related sensors Transmission sensors for manual and automatic systems Steering and suspension sensors for conventional and active systems Vehicle body and electrical system sensors for comfort, climate, access, and monitoring functions Engine actuators such as throttle bodies, injectors, turbo actuators, EGR systems, ignition components, and pumps Transmission, brake, steering, suspension, and body actuators Identification and coding of electronic components and packages commonly used in automotive applications The structure and operating principles of each component are explained, with relevant electronic circuitry illustrated. Its system-oriented organization and practical focus make it a valuable reference for understanding, testing, and troubleshooting automotive electronic systems.

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An Introduction to RISC-V RISC-V is an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that is both free and open. This means that the RISC-V ISA itself does not require a licensing fee, although individual implementations may do so. The RISC-V ISA is curated by a non-profit foundation with no commercial interest in products or services that use it, and it is possible for anyone to submit contributions to the RISC-V specifications. The RISC-V ISA is suitable for applications ranging from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. This book will first describe the 32-bit RISC-V ISA, including both the base instruction set as well as the majority of the currently-defined extensions. The book will then describe, in detail, an open-source implementation of the ISA that is intended for embedded control applications. This implementation includes the base instruction set as well as a number of standard extensions. After the description of the CPU design is complete the design is expanded to include memory and some simple I/O. The resulting microcontroller will then be implemented in an affordable FPGA development board (available from Elektor) along with a simple software application so that the reader can investigate the finished design.

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20+ Macintosh Models, from 1984 to Today (History, Engineering, and Restoration) Apple is not like any other company. More than anyone else, it transformed technology into something people could desire, love, and even identify with—much like a luxury brand. Users were not only buying a tool; they were buying a vision, a way of life. At the center of this transformation stands the Macintosh. First introduced in 1984, it was radically different from everything before. With its graphical interface and mouse, it made computing approachable, even friendly. What now feels obvious—clicking on icons, dragging files, pointing instead of typing commands—was revolutionary at the time. The Macintosh not only changed the way people related to technology. The Macintosh forced the entire industry to rethink the way we use computers. This book tells that story through some of the most significant Macintosh models. Each one is presented not only in words but also in images, because these computers are more than technology—they are design icons, symbols of a unique vision. History, technical detail, and photography come together here, aiming to show each Macintosh as it truly deserves to be seen.

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KiCad wie ein Profi (E-book)

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Practical Applications and Project with Arduino, ESP32, and RP2040 Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of control engineering with Arduino and ESP32! This book offers you a practical introduction to classic and modern control methods, including PID controllers, fuzzy logic, and sliding-mode controllers. In the first part, you will learn the basics of the popular Arduino controllers, such as the Arduino Uno and the ESP32, as well as the integration of sensors for temperature and pH measurement (NTC, PT100, PT1000, and pH sensor). You will learn how to use these sensors in various projects and how to visualize data on a Nextion TFT display. The course continues with an introduction to actuators such as MOSFET switches, H-bridges, and solid-state relays, which are used to control motors and actuators. You will learn to analyze and model controlled systems, including PT1 and PT2 control. The book focuses on the implementation of fuzzy and PID controllers for controlling temperature and DC motors. Both the Arduino Uno and the ESP32 are used. The sliding-mode controller is also introduced. In the second-to-last chapter, you will explore the basics of neural networks and learn how machine learning can be used on an Arduino. In the last chapter, there is a practical example of a fuzzy controller for feeding electricity into the household grid. This book is the perfect choice for engineers, students, and electronics engineers who want to expand their projects with innovative control techniques.

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Lötstation für Präzisionslöten mit aktiv beheizter Lötspitze Die Lötstation AE970D ist ein 80-W-Hochleistungswerkzeug zum schnellen Aufheizen und Löten. Sein großer Temperaturbereich von 150-550°C kann alle Ihre Lötanforderungen erfüllen. Dank seiner leistungsstarken, integrierten Plug-and-Play-Aktivspitze kann der AE970D den Schmelzpunkt innerhalb von 9 Sekunden erreichen. Die patentierte Technologie zur automatischen Konstanttemperaturregelung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis gewährleistet ein Löten mit hoher Stabilität, hervorragender Leistung und präziser Genauigkeit. Features 80 W hohe Leistung für schnelles Aufheizen. Größerer Temperaturbereich von 150–550°C, um alle Ihre Lötanforderungen zu erfüllen. Hochleistungsfähige integrierte Plug-and-Play-Aktivspitze, die den Schmelzpunkt innerhalb von 9 Sekunden erreichen kann. Patentierte Technologie zur automatischen Konstanttemperaturregelung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis für hohe Stabilität, hervorragende Leistung und präzise Genauigkeit Technische Daten Leistung 80 W Eingangsspannung 110 VAC / 230 VAC Ausgangsspannung 25 VAC Temperaturbereich 150-550°C (302-1022°F) Heizelement Integrierte Aktivheizung der T80-Serie Temperaturstabilität ±1°C/±1,8°F (bei einer Temperatur von >200°C/400°F) Spitze zum Erdungswiderstand <2 Ω Spannung zwischen Spitze und Erde <2 mV Netzkabellänge 1 m Kabellänge berücksichtigen 1,2 m Abmessungen 148 x 120 x 85 mm Gewicht (Haupteinheit) 1,33 kg Lieferumfang Haupteinheit Lötkolben inkl. Lötspitze T80-D12 Lötkolbenhalter Messingwolle Manual

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Learn RC and RL Filters with Hands-On Circuits and Simulation Introduction to Electronic Filters is your comprehensive guide to understanding, designing, and applying first-order electronic filters using resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Whether you are a student, maker, or educator, this book demystifies the theory behind RC and RL filters and bridges the gap between concepts and real-world applications through simulation and experimentation. From the basics of frequency response and phase shift to hands-on breadboard builds and Python-based simulations, this book offers a deeply practical learning experience. You will learn to analyse filters using Bode plots and phasors, and explore applications in audio tone shaping, sensor signal conditioning, noise reduction, and power supply filtering. As you progress, you’ll build, measure, simulate, and tune filters using modern tools like CircuitLab, Python, and the Analog Discovery 3. Each chapter includes thoughtfully crafted activities that reinforce learning by doing – designing filters for specific tasks, simulating dynamic behaviour, and observing how theory translates into performance. Inside you’ll find: A clear introduction to the fundamentals of electronic filters Detailed explanations of RC and RL filters, cutoff frequency, and phase Guided activities using both simulation and hardware tools Real-life applications in audio, sensors, power supplies, and more A beginner-friendly primer on Python and algebra for electronics Whether you’re working through simulations or experimenting with real components on your workbench, this book will help you develop a solid understanding of electronic filters and their role in practical circuits.

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Dieses Buch ist eine Einführung in das hochaktuelle Gebiet der Robotik. Dabei stehen praktische Anwendungsbeispiele im Vordergrund. Neben den technischen und mechanischen Grundlagen werden die elektronischen Komponenten und Module erläutert. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei der Mikrocontroller. Für Robotik-Anwendungen haben sich zwei Controller-Boards etabliert: der Arduino und der Raspberry Pi. Dem trägt dieses Buch Rechnung und beschreibt praktische Nachbauprojekte mit diesen beiden populären Boards. Getreu der Philosophie des „Learning by Doing“ können sich auch ambitionierte, nichtprofessionelle Anwender mit dem Lernmaterial des Buches einen Überblick über den neuesten Stand der Robotertechnik und KI verschaffen. Für praktische Anwendungen können sowohl komplette Bausätze als auch einzelne Komponenten verwendet werden. Dabei wurde stets darauf geachtet, dass die Hardware möglichst universell einsetzbar ist.

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Der LCR45 bietet die gleichen Funktionen wie der beliebte LCR40, verfügt jedoch über einige bedeutende Verbesserungen. Der LCR45 verfügt über einen neuen Mikroprozessor mit hoher Kapazität und hochauflösende ADCs. Der LCR45 verfügt über eine fortschrittliche Mathematik, die auf der Analyse komplexer Impedanzen basiert. Dies ermöglicht eine verbesserte Messung der Komponentenwerte sowie eine umfassende und detaillierte Impedanzanzeige. Features Lieferung erfolgt mit vergoldeten, abnehmbaren Hakensonden Flüssigkeitsmessungen mit Hold-Funktion Automatischer oder manueller Komponententyp Automatische oder manuelle Testfrequenz, DC, 1 kHz, 15 kHz oder 200 kHz Verbesserte Messauflösung: 0,2 µH, 0,2 pF und 0,2 Ohm Einfaches Menüsystem für Benutzereinstellungen Verbesserte Kompensation für Komponentenparasiten und -verluste (wie Kernverluste usw.) Automatisches oder manuelles Ausschalten Technische Daten Analysertyp LCR und Komponentenimpedanz Komponententypen Auto/Manuell für L,C & R Messungstypen Induktivität, Kapazität und Widerstand Andere Messungen Komplexe Impedanz/Admittanz Weitere Messungen Größe und Phase der Impedanz Induktivitätsbereich 0uH bis 2H Kapazitätsbereich 0pF bis 10000uF Widerstandsbereich 0R bis 2MR Testhäufigkeit Automatisch und manuell: Gleichstrom, 1 kHz, 15 kHz, 200 kHz Anzeigetyp Alphanumerisches LCD (nicht hintergrundbeleuchtet) Messschema Kontinuierlich (mit optionaler Sperre) Batterie GP23 (12 V/55 mAH Typ), ~700 Operationen Lieferumfang LCR45 Passivkomponenten-Impedanzmessgerät 2-mm-Stecker und -Buchsen und abnehmbare Hakensonden Umfassende bebilderte Bedienungsanleitung 2 Batterien, eine eingebaut und eine Ersatzbatterie. GP23 Alkalibatterie. (12 V/55 mAH) Downloads Datasheet (EN) User Guide (DE)

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A Fast-Lane Ride From Concept to Project The core of the book explains the use of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W running the Python programming language, always in simple terms and backed by many tested and working example projects. On part of the reader, familiarity with the Python programming language and some experience with one of the Raspberry Pi computers will prove helpful. Although previous electronics experience is not required, some knowledge of basic electronics is beneficial, especially when venturing out to modify the projects for your own applications. Over 30 tested and working hardware-based projects are given in the book, covering the use of Wi-Fi, communication with smartphones and with a Raspberry Pi Pico W computer. Additionally, there are Bluetooth projects including elementary communication with smartphones and with the popular Arduino Uno. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are key features of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W. Some of the topics covered in the book are: Raspberry Pi OS installation on an SD card Python program creation and execution on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Software-only examples of Python running on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Hardware-based projects including LCD and Sense HAT interfacing UDP and TCP Wi-Fi based projects for smartphone communication UDP-based project for Raspberry Pi Pico W communication Flask-based webserver project Cloud storage of captured temperature, humidity, and pressure data TFT projects Node-RED projects Interfacing to Alexa MQTT projects Bluetooth-based projects for smartphone and Arduino Uno communications

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The BB830T is a solderless (plug-in) transparent breadboard with 830 connection tie-points (i.e. 830 wire insertion holes). It has 4 power rails. Solderless breadboards are great for building and testing new circuits because parts can be easily inserted and removed. They are completely re-usable. The BB830T has a 630 tie-point IC-circuit area plus four 50 tie-point power rails. Specifications 830 tie points total: 630 tie-point IC-circuit area plus two 100 tie-point distribution strips providing 4 power rails. ABS plastic/transparent body with black printed legend. Color legend on distribution strips. Contacts are Phosphor Bronze with Plated Nickel Finish, rated for 50,000 insertions. Rated at 36 Volts, 2 Amps. Insertion Wire Size is 21 to 26 AWG, 0.016 to 0.028 inches diameter (0.4 to 0.7mm diameter). Peelable adhesive tape backing provided for attaching to a surface. Metal back plate provided.

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Datenbankmodelle und -software für Elektronikanwendungen Mit seiner Energieeffizienz und seinem reichen Spektrum an quelloffener Software eignet sich der Einplatinencomputer Raspberry Pi auch für die Speicherung von Daten und deren grafische Aufbereitung lokal oder im World Wide Web (WWW). Dieses Buch stellt verschiedene Datenbankmodelle und diverse Datenbanksoftware vor: SQL: MariaDB, SQLite InfluxDB: Telegraf Grafana MQTT Verschlüsselung mit RPi Apache PHP Node RED Docker Es zeigt darüber hinaus ausgewählte Ansätze, gespeicherte Daten anzuzeigen und zu verwalten. Ein eigener Abschnitt ist sowohl der SSL-Verschlüsselung der Verbindung als auch dem Betrieb von Servern im WWW gewidmet. Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die neugierig sind und gerne die Möglichkeiten des Raspberry Pi ausloten möchten, die einen Einstieg in das Datenmanagement mit Datenbanken suchen, die mit einfachen Mitteln schnell loslegen möchten, die Alternativen aufgezeigt bekommen möchten, die in komprimierter Form Tipps für eigene Entwicklungen suchen, die Freude am eigenen Entwickeln und Realisieren haben. Programmierkenntnisse und -erfahrungen sind für die Installation der Software nicht erforderlich. Jeder einzelne Schritt wird detailliert beschrieben und mit Screenshots visuell unterlegt.

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Mastering PCB design with real-world projects This book builts on KiCad Like a Pro – Fundamentals and Projects and aims to help you practice your new KiCad skills by challenging you in a series of real-world projects. The projects are supported by a comprehensive set of recipes with detailed instructions on how to achieve a variety of simple and complex tasks. Design the PCBs for a solar power supply, an LED matrix array, an Arduino-powered datalogger, and a custom ESP32 board. Understand the finer details of the interactive router, how to manage KiCad project teams with Git, how to use an autorouter on 2 and 4-layer PCBs, and much more. KiCad 8 is a modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors. This stable and mature PCB tool is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. With KiCad 8, you can create PCBs of any complexity and size without the constraints associated with the commercial packages. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to fully customize the look of KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more An improved and tightly integrated SPICE circuit simulator Autorouting with the Freerouting plugin Filters define which elements of a layout are selectable Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Enhanced tool for creating filled zones A customizable coordinate system facilitates data exchange with other CAD applications Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Differential pair routing Rich repositories of symbol, footprint, and 3D shape libraries Python scripting API for programmatic customization and extensions Improved footprint wizard for fast custom footprints

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All you need to know about good acoustics and sound systems in performance and worship spaces! Everyone knows that the ability to hear music in balance and to understand speech is essential in any space used for performance or worship. Unfortunately, in the early 21st century, we find that buildings with good acoustics are the exception rather than the rule. Much of the fault leading to this result can be traced to the widespread perception that acoustics is a black art. In fact, scientific acoustics as developed in the last century is a well-defined engineering practice that can lead to predictable excellent results. A basic, non-engineering understanding of acoustics will help building owners, theater managers, ministers and teachers of music, performers, and other professionals to achieve their goals of excellent acoustics in venues with which they work. Performers having a basic understanding of acoustics will be able to make the most of the acoustics of the venue in which they perform. This book helps those responsible for providing good acoustics in performance and worship spaces to understand the variables and choices entailed in proper acoustic design for performance and worship. Practicing acoustical consultants will find the book a useful reference as well. The level of presentation is comfortable and straightforward without being simplistic. If correct acoustical principles are incorporated into the design, renovation, and maintenance of performance and worship venues, good acoustics will be the result.

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From Simple Ciphers to Secure Systems Understanding how to apply cryptography on modern microcontrollers is essential for building secure, reliable, and trustworthy systems. This book explains cryptography in the context of embedded hardware, from classical ciphers that illustrate core principles to modern techniques such as AES for practical high-security applications. By combining mathematical theory with real-world microcontroller implementations, readers learn not only how cryptography works, but also how to implement it effectively on systems with limited processing power and memory. The book is intended for students starting out in cryptography, hobbyists securing personal projects, and engineers looking for a structured guide to embedded security. The book covers these key topics in applied cryptography: Classical ciphers on Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi Pico, with full programs: Spartan Scytale, Hebrew Atbash, Caesar, ROT13, Alberti Disk, Vigenère, Affine, Polybius, Playfair, Beaufort, Ottoman Codebook, and One-Time Pad. Hacking classical ciphers using microcontrollers, with examples. Pseudo-random (PRNG) and true random number generation (TRNG) on microcontrollers. Symmetric-key cryptography with full programs: DES and AES-128/256. Memory and speed constraints of cryptography on microcontrollers. Asymmetric cryptography: public/private keys, digital signatures, key distribution and derivation (KDF), RSA, and SHA-256 implementations. A complete secure communication program using RSA and AES-256. A glossary of commonly used cryptography terms.

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A Hands-on Guide to Crafting Your Own Power Plant The book you are about to read provides a step-by-step guide for building a renewable energy power plant at home. Our goal was to make the book as practical as possible. The material is intended for immediate application with a small amount of theory. Yet, the theory is important as a foundation that saves time and effort by disabusing the readers of potential misconceptions. Specifically, upon having a firm understanding of photovoltaic physics, you will not be inclined to fruitlessly search for 90% efficient solar panels! We want our readers to be the “doers”. If the book gets covered in grime and some pages become torn while you are building your power plant – this is the best compliment to us. The book covers solar and wind energy. Also, a curious power source based on manure is discussed as well, giving the doers an opportunity to further develop the manure fuel cell. It is important to note that there are many companies offering installation of complete solar solutions. Upon installing the panels, the system is not owned by the customer. Therefore, there is no freedom for experimentation and optimization. Also, none can beat the cost of a DIY solution as well as the ultimate satisfaction. All that is written here is a result of us building a renewable energy solution in Southern California. As the book was completed, the energy began flowing!

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32 new Projects, Practical Examples and Exercises with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Electronics and microcontroller technology offer the opportunity to be creative. This practical microcontroller course provides you with the chance to bring your own Arduino projects and experience such moments of success. Ideally, everything works as you imagined when you switch it on for the first time. In practice, however, things rarely work as expected. At that point, you need knowledge to efficiently search for and find the reason for the malfunction. In this book for advanced users, we delve deep into the world of microcontrollers and the Arduino IDE to learn new procedures and details, enabling you to successfully tackle and solve even more challenging situations. With this book, the author gives the reader the necessary tools to create projects independently and also to be able to find errors quickly. Instead of just offering ready-made solutions, he explains the background, the hardware used, and any tools required. He sets tasks in which the reader contributes their own creativity and writes the Arduino sketch themselves. If you don’t have a good idea and get stuck, there is, of course, a suggested solution for every project and every task, along with the corresponding software, which is commented on and explained in detail in the book. This practical course will teach you more about the inner workings of the Arduino Nano and its microcontroller. You will get to know hardware modules that you can use to realize new and interesting projects. You will familiarize yourself with software methods such as ‘state machines,’ which can often be used to solve problems more easily and clearly. The numerous practical projects and exercise sketches are once again realized on the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board, which you may already be familiar with from the course book ‘Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters’, and which contains all the hardware peripherals and operating elements we need for the input/output operations of our sketches. Readers who do not yet own the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board can purchase the required hardware separately, or alternatively, build it on a breadboard.

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The OWON XDM2041 is a low-cost, high-precision benchtop multimeter. The meter has a True RMS function to measure the AC voltage and current and it has a reading speed of up to 65 values per second. Also, the XDM2041 is equipped with functions such as measuring 2-wire and 4-wire resistance. The XDM2041 is able to store data internally in the memory of the meter and display it on the 3.7" high-resolution LCD display. Up to 1000 points can be stored and the time interval can be varied from 15ms to 9999s. By means of the RS232 port on the back of the device, the meter can be programmed and controlled via SCPI. Technische Daten Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy ±(% of reading + LSB) DC Voltage 50.000mV 0.001mV 0.1%+10 500.00mV 0.01mV 0.025%+5 5.0000V 0.0001V 0.025%+5 50.000V 0.001V 0.03%+5 500.00V 0.01V 0.1%+5 1000.0V 0.1V 0.1%+5 AC Voltage 500mv-750v 20Hz~45Hz 1%+30 45Hz~65Hz 0.5%+30 65Hz~1KHz 0.7%+30 DC Current 500uA 0.01uA 0.15%+20 5000uA 0.1uA 0.15%+10 50mA 0.001mA 0.15%+20 500mA 0.01mA 0.15%+10 5A 0.0001A 0.5%+10 10A 0.001A 0.5%+10 AC Current 500uA-500mA 20 Hz-1 kHz 0.5%+20 5A-10A 1.5%+20 Resistance 500Ω 0.01Ω 0.1%+10 5KΩ 0.0001KΩ 0.1%+5 50KΩ 0.001KΩ 0.1%+5 500KΩ 0.01KΩ 0.1%+5 5MΩ 0.0001MΩ 0.25%+5 50MΩ 0.001MΩ 0.1%+10 Four-wire resistance 500Ω 0.01Ω 0.1%+10 5KΩ 0.0001KΩ 0.1%+5 50KΩ 0.001KΩ 0.1%+5   Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy ±(% of reading + % of range) Frequency 10.000Hz-60MHz / ±(0.2%+8) Capacitance 50nF-500uF / 2.5%+5 5mF-50mF 5%+8 Diode 3.0000 V 0.0001V / Continuity 1000 Ω 0.1Ω / Temperature K type，PT100 Display 55,000 Data-logging Function Logging Duration 15ms-9999s Logging Length 1,000 points Lieferumfang 1x OWON XDM2041 Multimeter 2x Multimeter leads 2x Alligator clips 1x Fuse 1x Manual Downloads User manual Programming manual PC software

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Das OWON HDS160 ist ein präzises 4½-stelliges True RMS Multimeter (60000 Counts), ideal für Elektronikprofis, Maker und Studenten. Es bietet eine intelligente Sondenerkennung, automatische Wellenformmessungen (Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p, Vavg, Vrms und Frequenz) und ein voll ausgestattetes Handoszilloskop (1 MHz). Features Multifunktionales Messgerät: 4½-stelliges Multimeter + Oszilloskop Automatische Wellenformmessungen: Einschließlich Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p, Vavg, Vrms und Frequenz. Benutzerfreundliches Design: Klar beschriftete Tasten für einfache Bedienung und längere Gerätelebensdauer. Intelligente Sondenerkennung: Schaltet automatisch die Messfunktionen basierend auf dem Einführen der Sonde um und verhindert so effektiv Geräteschäden durch falsche Bedienung. Effizientes Energiemanagement: Angetrieben durch 18650-Lithiumbatterien, die längere Betriebszeit und verbesserte Zuverlässigkeit für erweiterte Messaufgaben gewährleisten. Sichere Hochspannungsmessung: Entspricht den CAT Ⅲ 1000 V-Standards und ermöglicht eine sichere und direkte Messung von Hochspannungswellenformen bis zu 1000 V, erweitert die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Hochauflösendes Display: Verfügt über einen 2,8" IPS-Bildschirm mit weitem Betrachtungswinkel, der eine klare Lesbarkeit aus jeder Perspektive gewährleistet. Adaptives Umgebungsdisplay: Dual-Theme-Displaymodi mit hoher Helligkeit und hohem Kontrast bieten optimale Sichtbarkeit bei hellen und schlechten Lichtverhältnissen und verbessern die allgemeine Benutzerfreundlichkeit. Multimeter (Technische Daten) Messbereich Genauigkeit Gleichspannung (V) 60.000mV / 600.00mV / 6.0000V / 60.000V / 600.00V / 1000.0V ±(0.05%+5 dig) Wechselspannung (V) 60.000mV / 600.00mV / 6.0000V / 60.000V / 600.00V / 750.00V ±(0.1%+30dig) Gleichstrom (A) 600.00uA / 6000.0uA / 60.000mA / 600.00mA / 6.0000A / 10.000A ±(0.15%+10dig) Wechselstrom (A) 600.00uA / 6000.0uA / 60.000mA / 600.00mA / 6.0000A / 10.000A ±(0.5%+20dig) Widerstand (Ω) 600.00Ω / 6.0000kΩ / 60.000kΩ / 600.00KΩ / 6.0000MΩ / 60.000MΩ ±(0.15%+10dig) Kapazität (F) 6.000nF / 60.00nF / 600.0nF / 6.000μF / 60.00μF / 600.0μF / 6.000mF / 60.00mF ±(2.0%+20dig) Frequenz (Hz) 60.00Hz / 600.00Hz / 6.0000kHz / 60.000kHz / 600.00kHz / 6.0000MHz / 60.000MHz ±(0.2%+10dig) Arbeitszyklus 0.1%~99.9% (typischer Wert: Vrms=1V, f=100Hz) ±(1.2%+3dig) 0.1%~99.9% (≥1kHz) ±(2.5%+10dig) Diode 3.0000V ±(1.0%+10dig) On-Off 1000.0Ω Display 60000 Oszilloskop (Technische Daten) Analoge Bandbreite 1 MHz (nur ACV-Skala) Kanal 1 Zeitbasisbereich 2,5 µs~10 s/Raster Vertikaler Spannungsempfindlichkeitsbereich 30 mV~500 V/Raster Vertikale Amplitudengenauigkeit ±(5%+0,2 div) Maximale Spannungsgrenze 1000 V DC+AC Peak Wert Triggermodus Auto/Normal/Single Automatische Einstellung Zeitbasis/Vertikale Amplitude/Triggerwert Maximale Abtastung 5,0 MSa/s Eingangsimpedanz ≈10 MΩ Zeitbasisgenauigkeit ±(0,01% + 0,1 div） Aktueller vertikaler Empfindlichkeitsbereich 100 μA~5 A/Gitter Messfunktion Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p, Vavg, Vrms, Hz Maximale Strombegrenzung 15 A DC+AC Spitzenwert Triggerflanke Rise edge/Fall edge Allgemein (Technische Daten) Display 2,8" LCD (320 x 240) Batteriestandsanzeige Ja Hintergrundbeleuchtung Ja Ruhemodus Ja Eingangsschutz Ja Relative Messung Ja Eingangsimpedanz ≥10 MΩ Batterie 18650 Lithium Sicherheitskonformität CAT III 1000 V Abmessungen 93 x 41,5 x 188 mm Gewicht 0,35 kg Lieferumfang 1x OWON HDS160 Multimeter & Oszilloskop 2x Multimeterkabel 1x USB-Kabel 1x Aufbewahrungstasche 1x Manual Downloads Datasheet Manual

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PC USB Logic Analyzers with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Co. Step-by-step instructions guide you through the analysis of modern protocols such as I²C, SPI, UART, RS-232, NeoPixel, WS28xx, HD44780 and 1-Wire. With the help of numerous experimental circuits based on the Raspberry Pi Pico, Arduino Uno and the Bus Pirate, you will learn the practical application of popular USB logic analyzers. All the experimental circuits presented in this book have been fully tested and are fully functional. The necessary program listings are included – no special programming or electronics knowledge is required for these circuits. The programming languages used are MicroPython and C along with the development environments Thonny and Arduino IDE. This book uses several models of flexible and widely available USB logic analyzers and shows the strengths and weaknesses of each price range. You will learn about the criteria that matter for your work and be able to find the right device for you. Whether Arduino, Raspberry Pi or Raspberry Pi Pico, the example circuits shown allow you to get started quickly with protocol analysis and can also serve as a basis for your own experiments. After reading this book, you will be familiar with all the important terms and contexts, conduct your own experiments, analyze protocols independently, culminating in a comprehensive knowledge set of digital signals and protocols.

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