An 8-in-1 test & measurement instrument for the electronics workbench A well-equipped electronics lab is crammed with power supplies, measuring devices, test equipment and signal generators. Wouldn‘t it be better to have one compact device for almost all tasks? Based on the Arduino, a PC interface is to be developed that’s as versatile as possible for measurement and control. It simply hangs on a USB cable and – depending on the software – forms the measuring head of a digital voltmeter or PC oscilloscope, a signal generator, an adjustable voltage source, a frequency counter, an ohmmeter, a capacitance meter, a characteristic curve recorder, and much more. The circuits and methods collected here are not only relevant for exactly these tasks in the "MSR" electronics lab, but many details can also be used within completely different contexts.

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KI in der Praxis Tauchen Sie ein in die faszinierende Welt der Robotik und Automatisierung! Dieses Elektor Special zeigt, wie Sie mit Kreativität, etwas Know-how und günstiger Technik eigene Roboter bauen können. Vom ersten DIY-Projekt mit Arduino oder Raspberry Pi bis hin zu intelligenten Systemen mit KI – dieses Heft macht moderne Robotik verständlich und greifbar. Entdecken Sie praxisnahe Anleitungen, inspirierende Projekte und spannende Einblicke in die Maker-Szene. Lernen Sie, wie aus Experimentierfreude, Gemeinschaft und Offenheit echte Innovation entsteht – und warum Robotik weit mehr ist als nur ein technisches Hobby. Inhalt Phantasie wird Realität Arduino-controlled Drawing Robot GalaxyRVR Mars Rover Kit for Arduino YDLIDAR X4Pro Lidar xHuskyLens AI Camera DOF Robot Arm mit Raspberry Pi Pico Fertigungsroboter mit Fischertechnik Pneumatischer Industrieroboter Warum bauen wir immer wieder Roboterhunde? Elektor Mini-Wheelie Roboterfahrzeuge und autonomes Fahren

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Resonances From Aether Days A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day. All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history. My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.

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From Simple Ciphers to Secure Systems Understanding how to apply cryptography on modern microcontrollers is essential for building secure, reliable, and trustworthy systems. This book explains cryptography in the context of embedded hardware, from classical ciphers that illustrate core principles to modern techniques such as AES for practical high-security applications. By combining mathematical theory with real-world microcontroller implementations, readers learn not only how cryptography works, but also how to implement it effectively on systems with limited processing power and memory. The book is intended for students starting out in cryptography, hobbyists securing personal projects, and engineers looking for a structured guide to embedded security. The book covers these key topics in applied cryptography: Classical ciphers on Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi Pico, with full programs: Spartan Scytale, Hebrew Atbash, Caesar, ROT13, Alberti Disk, Vigenère, Affine, Polybius, Playfair, Beaufort, Ottoman Codebook, and One-Time Pad. Hacking classical ciphers using microcontrollers, with examples. Pseudo-random (PRNG) and true random number generation (TRNG) on microcontrollers. Symmetric-key cryptography with full programs: DES and AES-128/256. Memory and speed constraints of cryptography on microcontrollers. Asymmetric cryptography: public/private keys, digital signatures, key distribution and derivation (KDF), RSA, and SHA-256 implementations. A complete secure communication program using RSA and AES-256. A glossary of commonly used cryptography terms.

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Die Hobbyelektronik ist reizvoll, macht Spaß und bringt nützliche Erfahrungen, die auch im Beruf oder bei der Berufswahl entscheidend sein können. Wer die Elektronik von den Wurzeln her kennt, kann auch eigene Schaltungen entwerfen und Projekte entwickeln. Entscheidend ist, dass man sich auch den kleineren Problemen widmet, die ja auch in größeren Projekten immer wieder wichtig werden können. Alles beginnt mit der analogen Elektronik. Man sollte die einfachsten Bauteile und Schaltungen genau kennen und ihr Verhalten sowie mögliche Probleme verstehen. Der beste Weg dazu sind reale Experimente, die Theorie allein reicht nicht. Dieses Buch bietet eine große Zahl praktisch nutzbarer Einsteiger-Schaltungen, mit denen jeder die nötigen Erfahrungen sammeln kann. Mit der breiten Einführung von Mikrocontrollern wurde ein neues Kapitel der Elektronik aufgeschlagen. Immer mehr Aufgaben, die ursprünglich mit diskreten Bauelementen oder konventionellen ICs gelöst wurden, erledigt inzwischen ein Mikrocontroller. Der Einstieg ist dank Bascom, Arduino, micro:bit und Co. immer einfacher geworden. Das Buch zeigt zahlreiche überschaubare Mikrocontroller-Anwendungen. Ab jetzt wird weniger gelötet und mehr programmiert.

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Kick off with the MAX1000 and VHDPlus Ready to Master FPGA Programming? In this guide, we’re diving into the world of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) – a configurable integrated circuit that can be programmed after manufacturing. Imagine bringing your ideas to life, from simple projects to complete microcontroller systems! Meet the MAX1000: a compact and budget-friendly FPGA development board packed with features like memory, user LEDs, push-buttons, and flexible I/O ports. It’s the ideal starting point for anyone wanting to learn about FPGAs and Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). In this book, you’ll get hands-on with the VHDPlus programming language – a simpler version of VHDL. We’ll work on practical projects using the MAX1000, helping you gain the skills and confidence to unleash your creativity. Get ready for an exciting journey! You’ll explore a variety of projects that highlight the true power of FPGAs. Let’s turn your ideas into reality and embark on your FPGA adventure – your journey starts now! Exciting Projects You’ll Find in This Book Arduino-Driven BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoder Use an Arduino Uno R4 to supply BCD data to the decoder, counting from 0 to 9 with a one-second delay Multiplexed 4-Digit Event Counter Create an event counter that displays the total count on a 4-digit display, incrementing with each button press PWM Waveform with Fixed Duty Cycle Generate a PWM waveform at 1 kHz with a fixed duty cycle of 50% Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Measure distances using an ultrasonic sensor, displaying the results on a 4-digit 7-segment LED Electronic Lock Build a simple electronic lock using combinational logic gates with push buttons and an LED output Temperature Sensor Monitor ambient temperature with a TMP36 sensor and display the readings on a 7-segment LED Downloads Software

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Der Peak Atlas DCA55 eignet sich hervorragend zur automatischen Identifizierung des Halbleitertyps auf den Messleitungen sowie der Pinbelegung und vieler anderer Parameter. Unterstützt Transistoren, MOSFETs, JFETs (nur Gate-Pin kann identifiziert werden), Dioden, LEDs und vieles mehr. Identifiziert automatisch den Komponententyp, die Pinbelegung und andere wichtige Parameter. Jetzt mit Transistor-Leckstrommessung und Germanium/Silizium-Identifizierung. Komponentenunterstützung Bipolartransistoren (NPN/PNP inkl. Silizium/Germanium) Darlington-Transistoren (NPN/PNP) Anreicherungsmodus-MOSFETs (N-Kanal und P-Kanal) Verarmungsmodus-MOSFETs (N-Ch und P-Ch) Sperrschicht-FETs (N-Ch und P-Ch). Nur Gate-Leitung identifiziert. Dioden und Diodennetzwerke (2- und 3-Leiter-Typen). LEDs und zweifarbige LEDs (2-Leiter- und 3-Leiter-Typen). Niedrigstromempfindliche Triacs und Thyristoren (<5 mA Trigger und Halten) Messungen Identifizierung des Teiletyps Identifizierung der Pinbelegung BJT-Stromverstärkung (hFE) BJT-Basis-Emitter-Spannung (Vbe) Leckstrom des BJT-Kollektors MOSFET-Gate-Schwellenspannung Dioden-Vorwärtsspannungsabfall (Vf) Technische Daten Analyzertyp Transistoren, Dioden, LEDs, MOSFETs, JFETs Pinout-Erkennung Vollständige Pinbelegung (nur Gate bei JFETs) Pinbelegungskonfiguration Beliebig anschließen Transistormessungen Vbe, hFE, Iceo MOSFET-Messungen Vgs(ein) Diodenmessungen Vf Sondentyp Universeller Greifertyp Batterie Einzelne AAA-Zelle (im Lieferumfang enthalten). Die Lebensdauer beträgt normalerweise 1300 Operationen Test-Bedingungen Typischerweise 5 mA, 5 V Spitze Anzeigetyp Alphanumerisches LCD (mit Hintergrundbeleuchtung) Lieferumfang Peak Atlas DCA55 Halbleiter-Analyzer Umfangreiche bebilderte Bedienungsanleitung Ausgestattet mit universellen Hakensonden AAA-Alkalibatterie Downloads Datasheet (EN) User Guide (DE)

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Mastering PCB design with real-world projects This book builts on KiCad Like a Pro – Fundamentals and Projects and aims to help you practice your new KiCad skills by challenging you in a series of real-world projects. The projects are supported by a comprehensive set of recipes with detailed instructions on how to achieve a variety of simple and complex tasks. Design the PCBs for a solar power supply, an LED matrix array, an Arduino-powered datalogger, and a custom ESP32 board. Understand the finer details of the interactive router, how to manage KiCad project teams with Git, how to use an autorouter on 2 and 4-layer PCBs, and much more. KiCad 8 is a modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors. This stable and mature PCB tool is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. With KiCad 8, you can create PCBs of any complexity and size without the constraints associated with the commercial packages. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to fully customize the look of KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more An improved and tightly integrated SPICE circuit simulator Autorouting with the Freerouting plugin Filters define which elements of a layout are selectable Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Enhanced tool for creating filled zones A customizable coordinate system facilitates data exchange with other CAD applications Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Differential pair routing Rich repositories of symbol, footprint, and 3D shape libraries Python scripting API for programmatic customization and extensions Improved footprint wizard for fast custom footprints

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Das Andonstar AD407 Pro Mikroskop ist für verschiedene Anwendungen wie das Löten von SMDs oder Reparaturarbeiten geeignet. Das Mikroskop hat ein großes verstellbares 7" LCD-Display und wird mit einer Fernbedienung geliefert. Im Vergleich zum AD407 bietet das AD407 Pro einen extra-hohen Ständer, der das Löten von Bauteilen noch einfacher macht. Technische Daten Bildschirmgröße 7 Zoll (17,8 cm) Bildsensor 4 MP Videoausgang UHD 2880x2160 (24fps)FHD 1920x1080 (60fps/30fps)HD 1280x720 (120fps) Videoformat MP4 Vergrößerung Bis zu 300-fach (27" HDMI-Monitor) Bildauflösung Max. 12 MP (4032x3024) Bildformat JPG Fokusbereich Min. 5 cm Bildrate Max. 120fps Videoschnittstelle HDMI Speichermedium microSD-Karte (bis zu 64 GB) Stromversorgung 5 V DC Beleuchtung 2 LEDs mit Standfuß Abmessungen 20 x 18 x 32 cm Lieferumfang 1x Andonstar AD407 Pro Digital-Mikroskop 1x Metallstativ mit 2 LEDs 1x UV-Filter (bereits im Objektiv montiert) 1x IR-Fernbedienung 1x Schalterkabel 1x Netzadapter 1x Schraubenschlüssel 2x Metallclips 1x HDMI-Kabel 1x Manual Downloads Manual Modellvergleich   AD407 AD407 Pro AD409 AD409 Pro-ES Bildschirmgröße 7 Zoll (17,8 cm) 7 Zoll (17,8 cm) 10,1 Zoll (25,7 cm) 10,1 Zoll (25,7 cm) Bildsensor 4 MP 4 MP 4 MP 4 MP Videoausgang 2160p 2160p 2160p 2160p Schnittstellen HDMI HDMI USB, HDMI, WiFi USB, HDMI, WiFi Videoformat MP4 MP4 MP4 MP4 Vergrößerung Bis zu 270x Bis zu 270x Bis zu 300x Bis zu 300x Bildauflösung Max. 4032x3024 Max. 4032x3024 Max. 4032x3024 Max. 4032x3024 Bildformat JPG JPG JPG JPG Fokusabstand Min. 5 cm Min. 5 cm Min. 5 cm Min. 5 cm Bildrate Max. 120f/s Max. 120f/s Max. 120f/s Max. 120f/s Speichermedium microSD-Karte microSD-Karte microSD-Karte microSD-Karte PC-Unterstützung Nein Nein Windows Windows Mobile Konnektivität Nein Nein WiFi + Messung WiFi + Messung Stromversorgung 5 V DC 5 V DC 5 V DC 5 V DC Beleuchtung 2 LEDs mit Standfuß 2 LEDs mit Standfuß 2 LEDs mit Standfuß 2 LEDs mit Standfuß Endoskop Nein Nein Nein Ja Abmessungen 20 x 12 x 19 cm 20 x 18 x 32 cm 18 x 20 x 30 cm 18 x 20 x 32 cm Gewicht 1,6 kg 2,1 kg 2,2 kg 2,5 kg

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Technology is constantly changing. New microcontrollers become available every year. The one thing that has stayed the same is the C programming language used to program these microcontrollers. If you would like to learn this standard language to program microcontrollers, then this book is for you! Arduino is the hardware platform used to teach the C programming language as Arduino boards are available worldwide and contain the popular AVR microcontrollers from Atmel. Atmel Studio is used as the development environment for writing C programs for AVR microcontrollers. It is a full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) that uses the GCC C software tools for AVR microcontrollers and is free to download. At a glance: Start learning to program from the very first chapter No programming experience is necessary Learn by doing – type and run the example programs A fun way to learn the C programming language Ideal for electronic hobbyists, students and engineers wanting to learn the C programming language in an embedded environment on AVR microcontrollers Use the free full-featured Atmel Studio IDE software for Windows Write C programs for 8-bit AVR microcontrollers as found on the Arduino Uno and MEGA boards Example code runs on Arduino Uno and Arduino MEGA 2560 boards and can be adapted to run on other AVR microcontrollers or boards Use the AVR Dragon programmer/debugger in conjunction with Atmel Studio to debug C programs

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Practical Applications and Project with Arduino, ESP32, and RP2040 Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of control engineering with Arduino and ESP32! This book offers you a practical introduction to classic and modern control methods, including PID controllers, fuzzy logic, and sliding-mode controllers. In the first part, you will learn the basics of the popular Arduino controllers, such as the Arduino Uno and the ESP32, as well as the integration of sensors for temperature and pH measurement (NTC, PT100, PT1000, and pH sensor). You will learn how to use these sensors in various projects and how to visualize data on a Nextion TFT display. The course continues with an introduction to actuators such as MOSFET switches, H-bridges, and solid-state relays, which are used to control motors and actuators. You will learn to analyze and model controlled systems, including PT1 and PT2 control. The book focuses on the implementation of fuzzy and PID controllers for controlling temperature and DC motors. Both the Arduino Uno and the ESP32 are used. The sliding-mode controller is also introduced. In the second-to-last chapter, you will explore the basics of neural networks and learn how machine learning can be used on an Arduino. In the last chapter, there is a practical example of a fuzzy controller for feeding electricity into the household grid. This book is the perfect choice for engineers, students, and electronics engineers who want to expand their projects with innovative control techniques.

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Build your own AI microcontroller applications from scratch The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications. This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board: Onboard LEDs and buttons External LEDs and buttons Using analog-to-digital converters I²C projects SPI projects UART projects External interrupts and timer interrupts Using the onboard microphone Using the onboard camera Convolutional Neural Network

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A Combat Guide against E-waste and Throwawayism This book is for anyone who enjoys tinkering with analog and digital hardware electronics. Regardless of the sophistication of your workspace, only basic tools are required to achieve truly satisfying results. It is intended as a reference guide among other hardware repair publications you may have in your library. However, the book goes a step further than most other repair guides in addressing issues in the modern era of discarded electronics called e-waste. E-waste should be put to good use. Producing anything new requires not just precious resources and labor, but also energy to make and deliver it to global retail shelves. Your talents and love of electronics can be put to good use by rescuing and resurrecting at least selected units from this endless stream of e-waste. Examples include either restoring through repair, or salvaging reusable electronic and mechanical components for your next project. Smart tips are provided throughout the book, and much information is tabulated for easy reference. The book expands age-old repair and hacking techniques applied for repair on the workbench into clever methods and applications to achieve effective results with discarded or “non-servicable” electronic consumer products. The final chapter provides real-life examples using all of the previously discussed content in a summarized form for each example repair type.

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An Ultra-Rapid Programming Course This book serves as the very first step to for novices to learn Python programming. The book is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, readers are introduced to the basics of Python. It has the detailed instructions for installation on various platforms such as macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, and Linux. It also covers the other aspects of Python programming such as IDEs and Package Manager. The second chapter is where the readers get an opportunity to have a detailed hands-on with Python programming. It covers a group of built-in data structures popularly known as Python Collections. The third chapter covers the important concepts of strings, functions, and recursion. The fourth chapter focuses on the Object-Oriented Programming with Python. The fifth chapter discusses most commonly used custom data structures such as stack and queue. The sixth chapter spurs the creativity of the readers with Python’s Turtle graphics library. The seventh chapter explores animations and game development using the Pygame library. The eighth chapter covers handling data stored in a variety of file formats. The ninth chapter covers the area of Image processing with Wand library in Python. The tenth and the final chapter presents an array of assorted handy topics in Python. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach. The explanation of the topic is always followed by a detailed code example. The code examples are also explained in suitable detail and they are followed by the output in the form of text or screenshot wherever possible. Readers will become comfortable with Python programming language by closely following the concepts and the code examples in this book. The book also has references to external resources for readers to explore further. A download of the software code, and links to tutorial videos can be found on the Elektor website.

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Principles, Design, and Real-World Applications of Modern Photonics Light shapes our world—from the glow of a simple LED to the precision of a laser beam and the immense power of the sun. LEDs, Lasers, and Sunlight – Principles, Design, and Real-World Applications of Modern Photonics is your comprehensive guide to understanding, designing, and applying modern light technologies. This book takes you on a journey from the fundamentals of photonics—covering the nature of light, optical laws, and color theory—to real-world engineering with today’s most important light sources. You’ll explore how LEDs work, how to design efficient lighting systems, and how to tackle practical challenges such as thermal management, power supply design, and optical performance. Beyond illumination, the book opens doors to specialized applications: horticultural lighting for plant growth, infrared and ultraviolet technologies, modern display systems from LCD to MicroLED, and the fascinating world of lasers—from their physics to their use in medicine, industry, and communication. It also connects light engineering to sustainability through solar energy and thermal radiation. Written with a strong practical focus, this book bridges theory and application. Whether you are an engineer, student, or advanced hobbyist, you’ll gain the tools to turn concepts into working solutions—from selecting components to building complete systems. If you want to understand light not just as a phenomenon, but as a powerful engineering tool, this book will illuminate the way.

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From Theory to Practical Applications in Wireless Energy Transfer and Harvesting Wireless power transmission has gained significant global interest, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles and the Internet of Things (IoT). It’s a technology that allows the transfer of electricity without physical connections, offering solutions for everything from powering small devices over short distances to long-range energy transmission for more complex systems. Wireless Power Design provides a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and practical insights, helping you explore the potential of wireless energy transfer and harvesting technologies. The book presents a series of hands-on projects that cover various aspects of wireless power systems, each accompanied by detailed explanations and parameter listings. The following five projects guide you through key areas of wireless power: Project 1: Wireless Powering of Advanced IoT Devices Project 2: Wireless Powered Devices on the Frontline – The Future and Challenges Project 3: Wireless Powering of Devices Using Inductive Technology Project 4: Wireless Power Transmission for IoT Devices Project 5: Charging Robot Crawler Inside the Pipeline These projects explore different aspects of wireless power, from inductive charging to wireless energy transmission, offering practical solutions for real-world applications. The book includes projects that use simulation tools like CST Microwave Studio and Keysight ADS for design and analysis, with a focus on practical design considerations and real-world implementation techniques.

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Lötstation für Präzisionslöten mit aktiv beheizter Lötspitze Die Lötstation AE970D ist ein 80-W-Hochleistungswerkzeug zum schnellen Aufheizen und Löten. Sein großer Temperaturbereich von 150-550°C kann alle Ihre Lötanforderungen erfüllen. Dank seiner leistungsstarken, integrierten Plug-and-Play-Aktivspitze kann der AE970D den Schmelzpunkt innerhalb von 9 Sekunden erreichen. Die patentierte Technologie zur automatischen Konstanttemperaturregelung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis gewährleistet ein Löten mit hoher Stabilität, hervorragender Leistung und präziser Genauigkeit. Features 80 W hohe Leistung für schnelles Aufheizen. Größerer Temperaturbereich von 150–550°C, um alle Ihre Lötanforderungen zu erfüllen. Hochleistungsfähige integrierte Plug-and-Play-Aktivspitze, die den Schmelzpunkt innerhalb von 9 Sekunden erreichen kann. Patentierte Technologie zur automatischen Konstanttemperaturregelung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis für hohe Stabilität, hervorragende Leistung und präzise Genauigkeit Technische Daten Leistung 80 W Eingangsspannung 110 VAC / 230 VAC Ausgangsspannung 25 VAC Temperaturbereich 150-550°C (302-1022°F) Heizelement Integrierte Aktivheizung der T80-Serie Temperaturstabilität ±1°C/±1,8°F (bei einer Temperatur von >200°C/400°F) Spitze zum Erdungswiderstand <2 Ω Spannung zwischen Spitze und Erde <2 mV Netzkabellänge 1 m Kabellänge berücksichtigen 1,2 m Abmessungen 148 x 120 x 85 mm Gewicht (Haupteinheit) 1,33 kg Lieferumfang Haupteinheit Lötkolben inkl. Lötspitze T80-D12 Lötkolbenhalter Messingwolle Manual

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Practical Applications and Project with Arduino, ESP32, and RP2040 Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of control engineering with Arduino and ESP32! This book offers you a practical introduction to classic and modern control methods, including PID controllers, fuzzy logic, and sliding-mode controllers. In the first part, you will learn the basics of the popular Arduino controllers, such as the Arduino Uno and the ESP32, as well as the integration of sensors for temperature and pH measurement (NTC, PT100, PT1000, and pH sensor). You will learn how to use these sensors in various projects and how to visualize data on a Nextion TFT display. The course continues with an introduction to actuators such as MOSFET switches, H-bridges, and solid-state relays, which are used to control motors and actuators. You will learn to analyze and model controlled systems, including PT1 and PT2 control. The book focuses on the implementation of fuzzy and PID controllers for controlling temperature and DC motors. Both the Arduino Uno and the ESP32 are used. The sliding-mode controller is also introduced. In the second-to-last chapter, you will explore the basics of neural networks and learn how machine learning can be used on an Arduino. In the last chapter, there is a practical example of a fuzzy controller for feeding electricity into the household grid. This book is the perfect choice for engineers, students, and electronics engineers who want to expand their projects with innovative control techniques.

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Dieses Buch ist eine Einführung in das hochaktuelle Gebiet der Robotik. Dabei stehen praktische Anwendungsbeispiele im Vordergrund. Neben den technischen und mechanischen Grundlagen werden die elektronischen Komponenten und Module erläutert. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei der Mikrocontroller. Für Robotik-Anwendungen haben sich zwei Controller-Boards etabliert: der Arduino und der Raspberry Pi. Dem trägt dieses Buch Rechnung und beschreibt praktische Nachbauprojekte mit diesen beiden populären Boards. Getreu der Philosophie des „Learning by Doing“ können sich auch ambitionierte, nichtprofessionelle Anwender mit dem Lernmaterial des Buches einen Überblick über den neuesten Stand der Robotertechnik und KI verschaffen. Für praktische Anwendungen können sowohl komplette Bausätze als auch einzelne Komponenten verwendet werden. Dabei wurde stets darauf geachtet, dass die Hardware möglichst universell einsetzbar ist.

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Der LCR45 bietet die gleichen Funktionen wie der beliebte LCR40, verfügt jedoch über einige bedeutende Verbesserungen. Der LCR45 verfügt über einen neuen Mikroprozessor mit hoher Kapazität und hochauflösende ADCs. Der LCR45 verfügt über eine fortschrittliche Mathematik, die auf der Analyse komplexer Impedanzen basiert. Dies ermöglicht eine verbesserte Messung der Komponentenwerte sowie eine umfassende und detaillierte Impedanzanzeige. Features Lieferung erfolgt mit vergoldeten, abnehmbaren Hakensonden Flüssigkeitsmessungen mit Hold-Funktion Automatischer oder manueller Komponententyp Automatische oder manuelle Testfrequenz, DC, 1 kHz, 15 kHz oder 200 kHz Verbesserte Messauflösung: 0,2 µH, 0,2 pF und 0,2 Ohm Einfaches Menüsystem für Benutzereinstellungen Verbesserte Kompensation für Komponentenparasiten und -verluste (wie Kernverluste usw.) Automatisches oder manuelles Ausschalten Technische Daten Analysertyp LCR und Komponentenimpedanz Komponententypen Auto/Manuell für L,C & R Messungstypen Induktivität, Kapazität und Widerstand Andere Messungen Komplexe Impedanz/Admittanz Weitere Messungen Größe und Phase der Impedanz Induktivitätsbereich 0uH bis 2H Kapazitätsbereich 0pF bis 10000uF Widerstandsbereich 0R bis 2MR Testhäufigkeit Automatisch und manuell: Gleichstrom, 1 kHz, 15 kHz, 200 kHz Anzeigetyp Alphanumerisches LCD (nicht hintergrundbeleuchtet) Messschema Kontinuierlich (mit optionaler Sperre) Batterie GP23 (12 V/55 mAH Typ), ~700 Operationen Lieferumfang LCR45 Passivkomponenten-Impedanzmessgerät 2-mm-Stecker und -Buchsen und abnehmbare Hakensonden Umfassende bebilderte Bedienungsanleitung 2 Batterien, eine eingebaut und eine Ersatzbatterie. GP23 Alkalibatterie. (12 V/55 mAH) Downloads Datasheet (EN) User Guide (DE)

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KiCad wie ein Profi (E-book)

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The BB830T is a solderless (plug-in) transparent breadboard with 830 connection tie-points (i.e. 830 wire insertion holes). It has 4 power rails. Solderless breadboards are great for building and testing new circuits because parts can be easily inserted and removed. They are completely re-usable. The BB830T has a 630 tie-point IC-circuit area plus four 50 tie-point power rails. Specifications 830 tie points total: 630 tie-point IC-circuit area plus two 100 tie-point distribution strips providing 4 power rails. ABS plastic/transparent body with black printed legend. Color legend on distribution strips. Contacts are Phosphor Bronze with Plated Nickel Finish, rated for 50,000 insertions. Rated at 36 Volts, 2 Amps. Insertion Wire Size is 21 to 26 AWG, 0.016 to 0.028 inches diameter (0.4 to 0.7mm diameter). Peelable adhesive tape backing provided for attaching to a surface. Metal back plate provided.

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An Introduction to RISC-V RISC-V is an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that is both free and open. This means that the RISC-V ISA itself does not require a licensing fee, although individual implementations may do so. The RISC-V ISA is curated by a non-profit foundation with no commercial interest in products or services that use it, and it is possible for anyone to submit contributions to the RISC-V specifications. The RISC-V ISA is suitable for applications ranging from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. This book will first describe the 32-bit RISC-V ISA, including both the base instruction set as well as the majority of the currently-defined extensions. The book will then describe, in detail, an open-source implementation of the ISA that is intended for embedded control applications. This implementation includes the base instruction set as well as a number of standard extensions. After the description of the CPU design is complete the design is expanded to include memory and some simple I/O. The resulting microcontroller will then be implemented in an affordable FPGA development board (available from Elektor) along with a simple software application so that the reader can investigate the finished design.

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Principles, Systems, and Electronics This handbook provides a detailed study of the sensors and actuators at the heart of modern vehicle electronics. It begins with basic electrical and electronic concepts, introducing the principles and terminology essential for understanding automotive systems. The book explores sensors and actuators on a system-by-system basis, including: Fundamentals of electrical engineering, electromagnetic phenomena, and motor principles Passive and active electronic components, integrated circuits, protection devices, and automotive-grade electronics Sensor characteristics, signal conditioning, ADCs, PWM and frequency outputs, and interface adaptation Automotive communication links and protocols, including LIN and SENT Engine sensors: air mass, pressure, temperature, speed, position, exhaust and emissions-related sensors Transmission sensors for manual and automatic systems Steering and suspension sensors for conventional and active systems Vehicle body and electrical system sensors for comfort, climate, access, and monitoring functions Engine actuators such as throttle bodies, injectors, turbo actuators, EGR systems, ignition components, and pumps Transmission, brake, steering, suspension, and body actuators Identification and coding of electronic components and packages commonly used in automotive applications The structure and operating principles of each component are explained, with relevant electronic circuitry illustrated. Its system-oriented organization and practical focus make it a valuable reference for understanding, testing, and troubleshooting automotive electronic systems.

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