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Program, build, and master over 50 projects with MicroPython and the RP2040 microprocessor The Raspberry Pi Pico is a high-performance microcontroller module designed especially for physical computing. Microcontrollers differ from single-board computers, like the Raspberry Pi 4, in not having an operating system. The Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed to run a single task very efficiently within real-time control and monitoring applications requiring speed. The ‘Pico’ as we call it, is based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM, and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides its large memory, the Pico has even more attractive features including a vast number of GPIO pins, and popular interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, and PWM. To cap it all, the chip offers fast and accurate timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor. The Raspberry Pi Pico is easily programmed using popular high-level languages such as MicroPython and or C/C++. This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all the projects described. There are over 50 working and tested projects in the book, covering the following topics: Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PC Timer interrupts and external interrupts Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projects Using the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chips Datalogging projects PWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projects Using Wi-Fi and apps to communicate with smartphones Using Bluetooth and apps to communicate with smartphones Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projects All projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Only basic programming and electronics experience is required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects described. Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor web page created to support the book.

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Analogue Electronics and Microcontrollers Projects Hobbyist electronics can be a fun way to learn new skills that can be helpful to your career. Those who understand the basics of electronics can design their own circuits and projects. However, before you run, you need to learn to walk. It all starts with analogue electronics. You should be familiar with the simple components and circuits and understand their basic behaviors and the issues you may encounter. The best way to do this is through real experiments. Theory alone is not enough. This book offers a large number of practical entry-level circuits, with which everyone can gain the basic experience. Through the widespread introduction of microcontrollers, a new chapter in electronics has begun. Microcontrollers are now performing more and more tasks that were originally solved using discrete components and conventional ICs. Starting out has become easier and easier thanks to platforms including Bascom, Arduino, micro:bit. The book introduces numerous manageable microcontroller applications. It?s now a case of less soldering and more programming.

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Röhrenverstärker produzieren Verzerrungen. Aber abweichend von den üblichen Standardschaltungen existieren Schaltungsvarianten, die sich durch minimale Klirrfaktoren bei außerordentlich großen Ausgangsamplituden von 50 oder gar 100Vp auszeichnen. Solche Verstärkerstufen wurden unter den Bezeichnungen SRPP, µ-Follower und _-Follower bekannt.Eine große Zahl von Veröffentlichungen setzt sich mit diesen besonderen Schaltungen auseinander – leider aber auch häufig in fehlerhafter Form. Ganz offenbar steckt der Teufel im Detail. Ohne ausreichende Kenntnis der hinter diesen reizvollen Konzepten stehenden Theorie und den daraus abzuleitenden Dimensionierungsvorschriften besteht die Gefahr, die exzellenten Eigenschaften von SRPPs und deren Verwandten zunichte zu machen.Im ersten Teil des vorliegenden Buches werden die Ursachen von Verzerrungen untersucht; anschließend geht es um die praktische Umsetzung der theoretischen Hintergründe.Röhren-Interessierten wird nicht entgangen sein, dass das Internet eine Fülle von meist ausgesprochen aufwendig konzeptionierten Schaltungen bietet. Aufmerksames und kritisches Überprüfen solcher Entwürfe beweist aber in fast allen Fällen, dass solche „Exoten“ bei Weitem nicht die Übertragungsqualitäten erreichen, die sie zu versprechen vorgeben. In einem gesonderten Kapitel über fehlerhafte SRPPs und µ-Follower wird gezeigt, wie teilweise bizarr anmutende Fehler zu Schaltungen führen, die dann einfacher und zielführender durch gängige Standardschaltungen zu ersetzen wären.Des Weiteren werden Gegentakt-Endstufen und ihr Zusammenwirken mit SRPPs genauer besprochen. Ausgehend von der Urversion der gegen Ende der Röhrenära entwickelten eisenlosen Endstufe (OTL) – der HF 303 von Philips – wird vertieft auf diese äußerst bemerkenswerte Variante der Röhren-Leistungsverstärker eingegangen.Nicht zuletzt wird die Aufmerksamkeit auch auf den Frequenzgang und das Übertragungsverhalten, die Netzteile und die nicht ganz unkomplizierte Heizungsversorgung der Röhrenverstärker gerichtet.Auch die Praxis kommt nicht zu kurz: Für einige der besprochenen Schaltungsentwürfe wurden ausführliche konkrete Hinweise für deren praktische Realisierung in diesem Buch mit aufgenommen.

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Get Cracking with the Arduino Nano V3, Nano Every, and Nano 33 IoT The seven chapters in this book serve as the first step for novices and microcontroller enthusiasts wishing to make a head start in Arduino programming. The first chapter introduces the Arduino platform, ecosystem, and existing varieties of Arduino Nano boards. It also teaches how to install various tools needed to get started with Arduino Programming. The second chapter kicks off with electronic circuit building and programming around your Arduino. The third chapter explores various buses and analog inputs. In the fourth chapter, you get acquainted with the concept of pulse width modulation (PWM) and working with unipolar stepper motors. In the fifth chapter, you are sure to learn about creating beautiful graphics and basic but useful animation with the aid of an external display. The sixth chapter introduces the readers to the concept of I/O devices such as sensors and the piezo buzzer, exploring their methods of interfacing and programming with the Arduino Nano. The last chapter explores another member of Arduino Nano family, Arduino Nano 33 IoT with its highly interesting capabilities. This chapter employs and deepens many concepts learned from previous chapters to create interesting applications for the vast world of the Internet of Things. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach to explain concepts and the operation of things. Each concept is invariably followed by a to-the-point circuit diagram and code examples. Next come detailed explanations of the syntax and the logic used. By closely following the concepts, you will become comfortable with circuit building, Arduino programming, the workings of the code examples, and the circuit diagrams presented. The book also has plenty of references to external resources wherever needed. An archive file (.zip) comprising the software examples and Fritzing-style circuit diagrams discussed in the book may be downloaded free of charge below.

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This book focuses more on practical aspects than on theory, and it has an contemplative nature, as though the author were viewing amplifiers from above. Knowledge elements are integrated and placed in the context of a broad overview. Even now tube amplifiers still sound great perhaps better than ever before. In part that is because we now have access to modern components such as toroidal output transformers, extremely high-quality resistors and capacitors, and many sorts of wire with good acoustic properties. Modern audio sources, such as CD players, and the latest top-end loudspeakers also enable us to appreciate how well tube amplifiers reproduce music even better than before. This new book from Menno van der Veen looks at tube amplifiers from more than just a theoretical perspective. It focuses primarily on the design phase, where decisions must be taken with regard to the purpose and requirements of the amplifier, and it addresses the following questions: How do these aspects relate to subjective and objective criteria? Which circuits sound the best, and why? If you want to develop and market an amplifier, what problems should you expect? What are the significance and meaning of measurements? Are they still meaningful, or have they lost their relevance? Thanks to the enormous processing power of computers, we can now measure more details than ever before. How can these new methods be applied to tube amplifiers? Previously it was sufficient to measure the frequency range, power and distortion of an amplifier in order to characterize the amplifier. Are these measurements still sufficient, or should we start measuring according to how we hear, using real music signals instead of waveforms from signal generators? The author sketches a future where amplifier measurements that conform to our sense of hearing enable us to arrive at new insights. This book focuses more on practical aspects than on theory, and it has an contemplative nature, as though the author were viewing amplifiers from above. Knowledge elements are integrated and placed in the context of a broad overview.

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Program and Build Raspberry Pi 5 Based Ham Station Utilities with the RTL-SDR The RTL-SDR devices (V3 and V4) have gained popularity among radio amateurs because of their very low cost and rich features. A basic system may consist of a USB based RTL-SDR device (dongle) with a suitable antenna, a Raspberry Pi 5 computer, a USB based external audio input-output adapter, and software installed on the Raspberry Pi 5 computer. With such a modest setup, it is possible to receive signals from around 24 MHz to over 1.7 GHz. This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts and electronic engineering students, as well as at anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi 5 to build electronic projects. The book is suitable for both beginners through experienced readers. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is required to understand and eventually modify the projects given in the book. A block diagram, a circuit diagram, and a complete Python program listing is given for each project, alongside a comprehensive description. The following popular RTL-SDR programs are discussed in detail, aided by step-by-step installation guides for practical use on a Raspberry Pi 5: SimpleFM GQRX SDR++ CubicSDR RTL-SDR Server Dump1090 FLDIGI Quick RTL_433 aldo xcwcp GPredict TWCLOCK CQRLOG klog Morse2Ascii PyQSO Welle.io Ham Clock CHIRP xastir qsstv flrig XyGrib FreeDV Qtel (EchoLink) XDX (DX-Cluster) WSJT-X The application of the Python programming language on the latest Raspberry Pi 5 platform precludes the use of the programs in the book from working on older versions of Raspberry Pi computers.

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Es ist heute nicht mehr ganz einfach, ein Buch über Röhren zu verfassen, da in den letzten Jahrzehnten viel Wissen über dieses interessante Gebiet verloren gegangen ist. Genau das aber ist einer der Gründe, warum dieses Buch geschrieben wurde. Der Autor hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die für den Einsatz von Röhren im Audiobereich bedeutsamen theoretischen und praktischen Kenntnisse zu bündeln und darzustellen. Der Verfasser stützt sich dabei auf seine eigene und umfassende Erfahrung, die er in den vielen Jahren vor der breiten Einführung von Halbleitern durch intensive Auseinandersetzung mit der Röhrentechnologie gewonnen hat. Selbstverständlich werden in den Schaltungsteilen, die nicht unmittelbar im Signalweg sitzen, die Vorzüge zeitgemäßer, aktiver elektronischer Bauteile wie Transistoren oder ICs gezielt ausgenutzt. Hinzu kommt die bevorzugte Verwendung hochqualitativer, moderner Ringkerntransformatoren. In den ersten Kapiteln dieses Bandes wird auf Produktionsverfahren und die Arbeitsweise von Röhren eingegangen, anschließend werden deren Grundschaltungen ausführlich besprochen. Das gewonnene Wissen erfährt in den folgenden Abschnitten eine theoretische Vertiefung bei der genaueren Betrachtung von Endstufen, Klangregelungen usw. Zudem wurden zwei gesonderte Kapitel aufgenommen, die sich mit Klirrverhalten und Verzerrungen, Rauschen, Mikrofonie und anderen Störgeräuschen befassen. In vier weiteren Kapiteln werden vollständige Verstärker-Entwürfe und die Dimensionierungsberechnungen aller Baugruppen im Einzelnen unter Hinweis auf die zugehörigen theoretischen Überlegungen der vorherigen Kapitel vorgestellt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Röhrenverstärker physikalischen und mathematischen Gesetzen gehorchen, weit verbreitete Legenden und Mystifizierungen dagegen nichts zur Erhellung der funktionellen Zusammenhänge beitragen. Im Übrigen findet der Leser viele nützliche Hinweise bei der konkreten Umsetzung der jeweiligen Schaltung in ein funktionierendes Gerät und Hilfestellungen für die messtechnische Überprüfung der Resultate.

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Program, build, and master over 60 projects with Python The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest single-board computer from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It can be used in many applications, such as in audio and video media centers, as a desktop computer, in industrial controllers, robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addition to the well-established features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, the Raspberry Pi 5 offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (classic and BLE), which makes it a perfect match for IoT as well as in remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. It is now possible to develop many real-time projects such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital filtering, real-time digital control and monitoring, and many other real-time operations using this tiny powerhouse. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and covers the important topics of accessing the computer locally and remotely. Use of the console language commands as well as accessing and using the desktop GUI are described with working examples. The remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry Pi 5-based hardware projects using components and devices such as LEDs and buzzers LCDs Ultrasonic sensors Temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors The Sense HAT Camera modules Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to send and receive data from smartphones and PCs, and sending real-time temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud. All projects given in the book have been fully tested for correct operation. Only basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full Python program listings are given for all projects described.

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Program and build RPi Pico-based ham station utilities, tools, and instruments Although much classical HF and mobile equipment is still in use by large numbers of amateurs, the use of computers and digital techniques has now become very popular among amateur radio operators. Nowadays, anyone can purchase a €5 Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller board and develop many amateur radio projects using the “Pico” and some external components. This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts, Electronic Engineering students, and anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi Pico to shape their electronic projects. The book is suitable for beginners in electronics as well as for those with wide experience. Step-by-step installation of the MicroPython programming environment is described. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is helpful to be able to comprehend and modify the projects given in the book. The book introduces the Raspberry Pi Pico and gives examples of many general-purpose, software-only projects that familiarize the reader with the Python programming language. In addition to the software-only projects tailored to the amateur radio operator, Chapter 6 in particular presents over 36 hardware-based projects for “hams”, including: Station mains power on/off control Radio station clock GPS based station geographical coordinates Radio station temperature and humidity Various waveform generation methods using software and hardware (DDS) Frequency counter Voltmeter / ammeter / ohmmeter / capacitance meter RF meter and RF attenuators Morse code exercisers RadioStation Click board Raspberry Pi Pico based FM radio Using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi with Raspberry Pi Pico Radio station security with RFID Audio amplifier module with rotary encoder volume control Morse decoder Using the FS1000A TX-RX modules to communicate with Arduino

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The Controller Area Network (CAN) was originally developed to be used as a vehicle data bus system in passenger cars. Today, CAN controllers are available from over 20 manufacturers, and CAN is finding applications in other fields, such as medical, aerospace, process control, automation, and so on. This book is written for students, for practising engineers, for hobbyists, and for everyone else who may be interested to learn more about the CAN bus and its applications. The aim of this book is to teach you the basic principles of CAN networks and in addition the development of microcontroller based projects using the CAN bus. In summary, this book enables the reader to: Learn the theory of the CAN bus used in automotive industry Learn the principles, operation, and programming of microcontrollers Design complete microcontroller based projects using the C language Develop complete real CAN bus projects using microcontrollers Learn the principles of OBD systems used to debug vehicle electronics You will learn how to design microcontroller based CAN bus nodes, build a CAN bus, develop high-level programs, and then exchange data in real-time over the bus. You will also learn how to build microcontroller hardware and interface it to LEDs, LCDs, and A/D converters. The book assumes that the reader has some knowledge on basic electronics. Knowledge of the C programming language will be useful in later chapters of the book, and familiarity with at least one member of the PIC series of microcontrollers will be an advantage, especially if the reader intends to develop microcontroller based projects using the CAN bus.

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History and Future in the Internet of Things This book thoroughly reviews the history of the development of embedded Operating Systems, covers the technical characteristics, historic facts, as well as background business stories of mainstream embedded Operating Systems, and analyzes the technical evolution, market development, and new opportunities of embedded Operating Systems in the age of the Internet of Things. From the perspective of time, the book examines the evolution of critical technical aspects, including real-time and Power Management of embedded Operating Systems and Linux, Internet of Things security, communication, and cloud computing. The book looks into applications of embedded Operating Systems with important markets of mobile phones, communication equipment, automobile, and wearable devices, and also discusses business model and the issue of intellectual property of embedded Operating Systems. In addition, the book walks through the status quo, technical features, product evaluation and background of the Internet of Things Operating Systems in the second half of the book.

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39 Experiments with Raspberry Pi and Arduino This book is about Raspberry Pi 3 and Arduino camera projects. The book explains in simple terms and with tested and working example projects, how to configure and use a Raspberry Pi camera and USB based webcam in camera-based projects using a Raspberry Pi. Example projects are given to capture images, create timelapse photography, record video, use the camera and Raspberry Pi in security and surveillance applications, post images to Twitter, record wildlife, stream live video to YouTube, use a night camera, send pictures to smartphones, face and eye detection, colour and shape recognition, number plate recognition, barcode recognition and many more. Installation and use of popular image processing libraries and software including OpenCV, SimpleCV, and OpenALPR are explained in detail using a Raspberry Pi. The book also explains in detail how to use a camera on an Arduino development board to capture images and then save them on a microSD card. All projects given in this book have been fully tested and are working. Program listings for all Raspberry Pi and Arduino projects used in this book are available for download on the Elektor website.

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