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Das Buch ist im Wesentlichen zweigeteilt: Im ersten Teil werden Techniken vorgestellt, mit denen parallele Programmabläufe realisiert werden können. Diese reichen von der einfachen automatischen Ablaufsteuerung eines Hintergrundprozesses durch Interrupts bis zur Implementierung eines an die beschränkten Möglichkeiten von AVR-Mikrocontrollern angepassten RTOS. Die Realisierung von Hintergrundprozessen lässt sich auf bequeme Weise mit Interrupts durchführen. Auf die Probleme der Synchronisierung mit Hintergrundprozessen wird ausführlich eingegangen. Interrupts werden zwar auch in ihrer „natürlichen“ Umgebung vorgestellt, aber es werden auch „exotische“ Einsätze von Interrupts beschrieben, z. B. der Einsatz eines Timer-Interrupts als Programmschleifenzähler. Dass sinnvolles Multitasking auch für die kleineren Mikrocontroller der AVR-Serie möglich ist, wird mit Kleinsystemen demonstriert, die auch auf einem ATtiny2313 ablaufen können. Für Controller mit besserer Ausstattung ist das System SLIMOS gedacht – in dem Prozesse dynamische Objekte sind – in dem Prozesse mit Semaphoren und Ereignissen synchronisiert werden können – welches Interrupts als Ereignisse integriert und eine Zeitablaufsteuerung für inaktive Prozesse besitzt.Der zweite Teil des Buches ist der Numerik gewidmet. Höhepunkt ist die Implementierung einer AVR-freundlichen Fließkommaarithmetik, die dennoch den Standard IEEE 754 soweit umsetzt, wie das bei den kleinen AVR-Prozessoren sinnvoll erscheint. Der Vorstellung und Erläuterung dieses Standards ist ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet. Zusätzlich gibt es noch ein vorbereitendes Kapitel, in dem die Grundbegriffe der Fließkommaarithmetik erklärt werden, das aber auch esoterische Aspekte erläutert, wie etwa das vom Standard geforderte Rechnen mit Unendlichkeiten. Ein weiteres Kapitel beschreibt die Erzeugung von Zufallszahlen. Es wird gezeigt, wie Zufallszahlen mit diskreter Verteilung, Gleichverteilung, Exponentialverteilung und Normalverteilung berechnet werden können. Sie werden als sehr schnelle Versionen in Fixkommaarithmetik bereit gestellt, woraus dann Fließkommaversionen entwickelt werden. Ein Beispiel für ihren Einsatz ist im Simulationsabschnitt des SLIMOS-Kapitels zu finden.Der Anhang bietet u. a. eine sehr AVR-freundliche Realisierung der Methode von Fletcher und die Implementierung von Funktoren, die elegante Problemlösungen gestatten.Alle Programme sind so ausführlich erläutert und kommentiert, dass der Leser keine Schwierigkeiten damit haben dürfte, sie an eigene Bedürfnisse anzupassen. Der für alle Programme verwendete Assembler wird vom Hersteller der AVR-Mikrocontroller kostenlos zur Verfügung gestellt.Band 2 ist als gedrucktes Buch erhältlich: Systemprogrammierung II für AVR-Mikrocontroller

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Learn to Build Intelligent Embedded Systems Build smarter embedded systems with Arduino UNO Q. This book gives you the tools, knowledge, and confidence to turn ideas into intelligent, working solutions using the Arduino UNO Q platform. Discover how to build intelligent embedded systems with the Arduino UNO Q and AI. Unlock the full potential of the Arduino UNO Q, a next-generation platform that combines the real-time power of the STM32U585 microcontroller with the flexibility of a Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 microprocessor. Learn how to rapidly prototype real-world applications using the Arduino IDE for low-level embedded control and Python in Arduino App Lab for high-level development. Build confidence through hands-on projects that guide you step by step from basic board features to complete working systems. Explore ready-to-use, AI based Arduino App Lab examples and see how they can jump-start your development and reduce time to deployment. Step into the world of Edge AI with a clear, practical introduction to Edge Impulse Studio—no prior AI experience required. Follow a complete, real-world workflow to create a Keyword Spotting AI application, covering data collection, model training, optimization, and on-device inference using the Edge Impulse Studio. Bridge the gap between embedded systems and machine learning and learn how to bring intelligence directly onto your hardware. Perfect for embedded engineers, educators, students, and makers looking to stay ahead in AI-enabled product development.

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If you can describe it, you can build it AI coding assistants are changing what makers and solopreneurs can build. Tasks that once demanded weeks of learning a new language, framework, or software stack can now be delegated to an AI—provided you know how to describe the job, judge the result, and keep control of the process. The Maker’s Guide to AI Coding is a practical guide to doing exactly that. It explains how to work with AI coding tools as collaborators rather than vending machines, how much to delegate, how to write specifications that produce useful results, and how to recognise hallucinations, context drift, overconfidence, and code that runs but is still wrong. The book is built around four increasingly ambitious projects. You begin with a browser-based RC filter analyser, then develop a live serial data plotter for Arduino and other microcontrollers. Next comes a datasheet questionand- answer tool using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), followed by a complete multi-user resource booking system with authentication, a database, external services, background jobs, and deployment. No advanced programming background is required. The emphasis is on thinking clearly, guiding the AI, testing what it produces, and preserving the skills needed to evaluate its work. Along the way, you learn development workflow designed to remain useful as tools evolve. If you can describe what you want to build, this book shows you how to turn that description into working software.

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Programming and Projects for the Minima and WiFi Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Eleven years later, the long-overdue successor, the Arduino Uno R4, was released. It is built around a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller and provides significantly expanded SRAM and Flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The Uno R4 board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface. Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate. The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including LEDs 7-segment displays (using timer interrupts) LCDs Sensors RFID Reader 4x4 Keypad Real-time clock (RTC) Joystick 8×8 LED matrix Motors DAC (Digital-to-analog converter) LED matrix WiFi connectivity Serial UART CAN bus Infrared controller and receiver Simulators … all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.

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Realize your own projects with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board The microcontroller is probably the most fascinating subfield of electronics. Due to the multitude of functions, it combines on its chip, it is a universal multi-tool for developers to realize their projects. Practically every device of daily use today is controlled by a microcontroller. However, for an electronic layman, realizing his own ideas with a microcontroller has so far remained a pipe dream due to its complexity. The Arduino concept has largely simplified the use of microcontrollers, so that now even laymen can realize their own electronics ideas with a microcontroller. Book & Hardware in the Bundle: 'Learning by Doing' This book, which is included in the bundle, shows how you can realize your own projects with a microcontroller even without much experience in electronics and programming languages. It is a microcontrollers hands-on course for starters, because after an overview of the internals of the microcontroller and an introduction to the programming language C, the focus of the course is on the practical exercises. The reader acquires the necessary knowledge by 'learning by doing': in the extensive practical section with 12 projects and 46 exercises, what is learned in the front part of the book is underpinned with many examples. The exercises are structured in such a way that the user is given a task to solve using the knowledge built up in the theoretical part of the book. Each exercise is followed by a sample solution that is explained and commented on in detail, which helps the user to solve problems and compare it with his own solution. Arduino IDE The Arduino IDE is a software development environment that can be downloaded for free to your own PC and that contains the entire software package needed for your own microcontroller projects. You write your programs ('apps') with the IDE’s editor in the C programming language. You translate them into the bits and bytes that the microcontroller understands using the Arduino IDE's built-in compiler, and then load them into the microcontroller's memory on the Elektor Arduino MCCAB Nano Training Board via a USB cable. Query or control external sensors, motors or assemblies In addition to an Arduino Nano microcontroller module, the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board contains all the components required for the exercises, such as light-emitting diodes, switches, pushbuttons, acoustic signal transmitters, etc. External sensors, motors or assemblies can also be queried or controlled with this microcontroller training system. Specifications (Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board) Power Supply Via the USB connection of the connected PC or an external power supply unit (not included) Operating Voltage +5 Vcc Input Voltage All inputs 0 V to +5 V VX1 and VX2 +8 V to +12 V (only when using an external power supply) Hardware periphery LCD 2x16 characters Potentiometer P1 & P2 JP3: selection of operating voltage of P1 & P2 Distributor SV4: Distributor for the operating voltagesSV5, SV6: Distributor for the inputs/outputs of the microcontroller Switches and buttons RESET button on the Arduino Nano module 6x pushbutton switches K1 ... K6 6x slide switches S1 ... S6 JP2: Connection of the switches with the inputs of the microcontroller Buzzer Piezo buzzer Buzzer1 with jumper on JP6 Indicator lights 11 x LED: Status indicator for the inputs/outputs LED L on the Arduino Nano module, connected to GPIO D13 JP6: Connection of LEDs LD10 ... LD20 with GPIOs D2 ... D12 Serial interfacesSPI & I²C JP4: Selection of the signal at pin X of the SPI connector SV12 SV9 to SV12: SPI interface (3.3 V/5 V) or I²C interface Switching output for external devices SV1, SV7: Switching output (maximum +24 V/160 mA, externally supplied) SV2: 2x13 pins for connection of external modules 3x3 LED matrix(9 red LEDs) SV3: Columns of the 3x3 LED matrix (outputs D6 ... D8) JP1: Connection of the rows with the GPIOs D3 ... D5 Software Library MCCABLib Control of hardware components (switches, buttons, LEDs, 3x3 LED matrix, buzzer) on the MCCAB Training Board Operating Temperature Up to +40 °C Dimensions 100 x 100 x 20 mm Specifications (Arduino Nano) Microcontroller ATmega328P Architecture AVR Operating Voltage 5 V Flash Memory 32 KB, of which 2 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB Clock Speed 16 MHz Analog IN Pins 8 EEPROM 1 KB DC Current per I/O Pins 40 mA on one I/O pin, total maximum 200 mA on all pins together Input Voltage 7-12 V Digital I/O Pins 22 (6 of which are PWM) PWM Output 6 Power Consumption 19 mA Dimensions 18 x 45 mm Weight 7 g Included Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Arduino Nano Book: Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters

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An Introduction to Real and Reduced-Scale Autonomous Vehicles Want to cut through the hype and get to the core of autonomous and connected vehicles? Then this book is your clear, accessible guide to a complex and fast-moving field. Starting with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), it walks you through the essential foundations, including Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) – the stepping stones to full autonomy. Explore how self-driving cars mimic human behavior through a loop of perception, analysis, decision, and action. Discover the key functions that make it possible: localization, obstacle detection, driver monitoring, cooperative awareness – and the most challenging of all, trajectory planning, across strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Will vehicles be connected? The debate is on – but the standards are already here. Learn how connectivity, infrastructure, and vehicles can work in synergy through the innovative concept of floating car data (FCD). Dive into real-world implementation: with embedded electronics account-ing for over 30% of a modern vehicle‘s cost, we unpack the architecture, coordination, and tools required to manage the complexity – brought to life with a hands-on case study. To finish, we open the door to the future: building your own 1:10 scale autonomous vehicle. No plug-and-play solutions – just the foundations for a collaborative, creative, and geek-friendly challenge. Let’s drive the future together.

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Build your own AI microcontroller applications from scratch The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications. This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board: Onboard LEDs and buttons External LEDs and buttons Using analog-to-digital converters I²C projects SPI projects UART projects External interrupts and timer interrupts Using the onboard microphone Using the onboard camera Convolutional Neural Network

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Der Autor führt Einsteiger und auch Fortgeschrittene gekonnt und professionell in eine hochinteressante Thematik ein. Auch wer seine Elektronik- und Programmierkenntnisse weiter ausbauen und vertiefen möchte, hat dazu gute Möglichkeiten. Die modernen und zeitgemäßen Atmel AVR-Prozessoren sowie die Programmierung in C sind in Kombination eine zukunftssichere Plattform für lange Zeit. Nach Einführung und Vorstellung der notwendigen Entwicklungsumgebung werden Projekte vorgestellt, die schrittweise zum Ziel führen.Für die meisten Projekte kommt das Atmel AVR-Evaluation-Board zum Einsatz – eine Experimentierplatine aus dem Hause Pollin Electronic. Das gewährleistet den reibungslosen Nachbau der vorgeschlagenen Projekte. Natürlich ist auch die Verwendung eigener Experimentierschaltungen möglich, denn ein erklärtes Ziel des Buches ist es, den Anwender zu selbständigem Arbeiten und Entwickeln zu befähigen.Aus dem Inhalt:• Der passende Mikrocontroller• Die Entwicklungsumgebung• Erste Schritte mit dem Mikrocontroller• Das AVR-Evaluation-Board• I/O-Grundlagen• Flüssigkristalldisplays (LCDs)• Serielle Datenübertragung• Analoge Ein- und Ausgabe• Programmablaufsteuerung mit Interrupts• Timer/Counter• Speicherzugriffe, Bootloader• Serieller Datenbus I²C (TWI) und SPI• Beispielprojekte: DCF 77, GPS, GLONASS, Fernwirken per Handy, Bluetooth, USB, SD-Speicherkarten und mehr

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Clever Tricks with ATmega328 Pro Mini Boards With a simple Pro Mini board and a few other components, projects that 20 or 30 years ago were unthinkable (or would have cost a small fortune) are realized easily and affordably in this book: From simple LED effects to a full battery charging and testing station that will put a rechargeable through its paces, there’s something for everyone. All the projects are based on the ATmega328 microcontroller, which offers endless measuring, switching, and control options with its 20 input and output lines. For example, with a 7-segment display and a few resistors, you can build a voltmeter or an NTC-based thermometer. The Arduino platform offers the perfect development environment for programming this range of boards. Besides these very practical projects, the book also provides the necessary knowledge for you to create projects based on your own ideas. How to measure, and what? Which transistor is suitable for switching a certain load? When is it better to use an IC? How do you switch mains voltage? Even LilyPad-based battery-operated projects are discussed in detail, as well as many different motors, from simple DC motors to stepper motors. Sensors are another exciting topic: For example, a simple infrared receiver that can give disused remote controls a new lease on life controlling your home, and a tiny component that can actually measure the difference in air pressure between floor and table height!

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Der Einstieg in die Elektronik ist nicht so schwierig, wie Sie vielleicht denken. Mit diesem Bundle (Buch + Kit) können Sie durch verschiedene Experimente die wichtigsten Konzepte der Elektro- und Elektroniktechnik auf spielerische Weise erforschen und erlernen. Sie erlernen Elektronik praxisnah, ohne sich auf komplizierte Fachsprache und lange Berechnungen einzulassen. Daher werden Sie bald Ihre eigenen Projekte erstellen. Das Kit enthält die erforderlichen Komponenten, um die meisten detaillierten Beispiele des Buches auf einem Steckbrett zu bauen und sie in der Realität auszuprobieren. Das Kit kann selbstverständlich auch ohne das Buch zum Aufbau anderer Schaltkreise und zur Durchführung eigener Experimente verwendet werden. Inhalt des Kits 1x 39 Ω, 1 W Widerstand 1x 47 Ω Widerstand 1x 180 Ω Widerstand 1x 330 Ω Widerstand 3x 1 kΩ Widerstand 1x 2,2 kΩ Widerstand 1x 3,9 kΩ Widerstand 1x 6,8 kΩ Widerstand 1x 10 kΩ Widerstand 1x 15 kΩ Widerstand 1x 22 kΩ Widerstand 1x 33 kΩ Widerstand 1x 47 kΩ Widerstand 1x 56 kΩ Widerstand 1x 82 kΩ Widerstand 1x 120 kΩ Widerstand 1x 680 kΩ Widerstand 2x 100 kΩ Widerstand 1x 10 kΩ Trimmer 1x 10 kΩ Linearpotentiometer 1x 100 kΩ Linearpotentiometer 1x LDR 1x 1 nF Keramikkondensator 2x 10 nF Keramikkondensator 1x 100 nF Keramikkondensator 1x 1 µF, 25 V Aluminium-Elektrolytkondensator 2x 10 µF, 25 V Aluminium-Elektrolytkondensator 1x 100 µF, 25 V Aluminium-Elektrolytkondensator 1x 470 µF, 25 V Aluminium-Elektrolytkondensator 1x 1000 µF, 25 V Aluminium-Elektrolytkondensator 1x RGB-LED, Common-Cathode (CC) 1x 1N4148 Kleinsignaldiode 1x 1N4733A 5,1 V, 1 W Zenerdiode 3x LED, rot 2x BC337 NPN-Transistor 1x IRFZ44N N-Kanal-MOSFET 2x NE555-Timer 1x LM393-Komparator 1x 74HCT08 Quad-AND-Gatter 3x Tastschalter 2x SPDT-Schalter 1x Relais, SPDT, 9 VDC 1x Aktiver Summer 1x Passiver Summer 50 cm Massivdraht, 16 AWG, ohne Mantel 2x PP3 9 V Batterieclip 1x Steckbrett 20x Überbrückungskabel Dieses Bundle enthält: Practical Electronics Crash Course Kit (Wert: 45 €) Buch: Practical Electronics Crash Course (Einzelpreis: 45 €)

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AVR Architecture and Programming An in-depth look at the 8-bit AVR architecture found in ATtiny and ATmega microcontrollers, mainly from a software and programming point of view. Explore the AVR architecture using C and assembly language in Microchip Studio (formerly Atmel Studio) with ATtiny microcontrollers. Learn the details of how AVR microcontrollers work internally, including the internal registers and memory map of ATtiny devices. Program ATtiny microcontrollers using an Atmel-ICE programmer/debugger, or use a cheap hobby programmer, or even an Arduino Uno as a programmer. Most code examples can be run using the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. Learn to write programs for ATtiny microcontrollers in assembly language. See how assembly language is converted to machine code instructions by the assembler program. Find out how programs written in the C programming language end up as assembly language and finally as machine code instructions. Use the Microchip Studio debugger in combination with a hardware USB programmer/debugger to test assembly and C language programs, or use the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. DIP packaged ATtiny microcontrollers are used in this volume for easy use on electronic breadboards, targeting mainly the ATtiny13(A) and ATtiny25/45/85. Learn about instruction timing and clocks in AVR microcontrollers using ATtiny devices. Be on your way to becoming an AVR expert with advanced debugging and programming skills.

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STmicroelectronics’ wireless IoT & wearable sensor development kit ‘SensorTile.box’ is a portable multi-sensor circuit board housed in a plastic box and developed by STMicroelectronics. It is equipped with a high-performance 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 processor with DSP and FPU, and various sensor modules, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor, microphone, and so on. SensorTile.box is ready to use with wireless IoT and Bluetooth connectivity that can easily be used with an iOS or Android compatible smartphone, regardless of the level of expertise of the users. SensorTile.box is shipped with a long-life battery and all the user has to do is connect the battery to the circuit to start using the box. The SensorTile.box can be operated in three modes: Basic mode, Expert mode, and Pro mode. Basic mode is the easiest way of using the box since it is pre-loaded with demo apps and all the user has to do is choose the required apps and display or plot the measured data on a smartphone using an app called STE BLE Sensor. In Expert mode users can develop simple apps using a graphical wizard provided with the STE BLE Sensor. Pro mode is the most complex mode allowing users to develop programs and upload them to the SensorTile.box. This book is an introduction to the SensorTile.box and includes the following: Brief specifications of the SensorTile.box; description of how to install the STE BLE Sensor app on an iOS or Android compatible smartphone required to communicate with the box. Operation of the SensorTile.box in Basic mode is described in detail by going through all of the pre-loaded demo apps, explaining how to run these apps through a smartphone. An introduction to the Expert mode with many example apps developed and explained in detail enabling users to develop their own apps in this mode. Again, the STE BLE Sensor app is used on the smartphone to communicate with the SensorTile.box and to run the developed apps. The book then describes in detail how to upload the sensor data to the cloud. This is an important topic since it allows the sensor measurements to be accessed from anywhere with an Internet connection, at any time. Finally, Pro mode is described in detail where more experienced people can use the SensorTile.box to develop, debug, and test their own apps using the STM32 open development environment (STM32 ODE). The Chapter explains how to upload the developed firmware to the SensorTile.box using several methods. Additionally, the installation and use of the Unicleo-GUI package is described with reference to the SensorTile.box. This PC software package enables all of the SensorTile.box sensor measurements to be displayed or plotted in real time on the PC.

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