Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden.
Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten.
OBD2-sensordashboardOude meters vormden het startpunt van een zoektocht naar echte gegevens
OBD2: voeg een toerenteller en schakelindicator toe aan je autoRetro, maar uiterst nuttig
LiDAR- en Visiesensoren voor Robotica
Sensor+Test 2025 en PCIM 2025
Contactloze E-Veldmetingen (1)Een Trillende Membraan voor het Detecteren van Gelijkspanningen of Statische Elektrische Velden
Draadloze brievenbusmeldervan optische sensoren tot radar: enkele mogelijkheden
Elektor Mini-Wheelieeen zelfbalancerende robot
ZonnecellenVreemde onderdelen, de serie
Aan de slag met een moderne radarsensorStaat een nauwkeurige meting op uw radar?
Uit het leven gegrepenpapierfabriek
CybersecurityZware tijden voor hackers
Infographics: IoT en sensoren 2025
Bluetooth 6.0 brengt verbeterde toepassingen voor afstandsbepalingNieuwe versie biedt betere apparaatpositionerings- en -locatieservices
Draadloze communicatie verkennen met BeagleY-AI
Err-lectronicsCorrecties, updates en lezerspost
Alle begin......sluit het thema opamps af
Een krachtige AI-codeerassistentsneller ontwikkelen met Continue en Visual Studio Code
Zonne-laadregelaar met MPPT (2)Het schema
Ultrasone obstakeldetectoreen eenvoudig project om slechtzienden te helpen
2025: Een AI-odysseeHalfjaaroverzicht
Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI-synthesizer (3)Het slimmer maken en een gebruikersinterface toevoegen
Meshtastic: een demonstratieprojectEen slim netwerk van LoRa-radio's
Analoge audio-frequentiegeneratorHoogwaardige sinusgenerator met instelbare frequentie
Einführung in die SPS-Programmierung mit dem Open-Source-Projekt auf dem Raspberry Pi und Modbus-Beispiele mit dem Arduino Uno und ESP8266
Die SPS-Programmierung ist heute in der Industrie und in der Hausautomation sehr weit verbreitet. In diesem Buch beschreibt der Autor, wie der Raspberry Pi 4 als SPS eingesetzt werden kann. Angefangen mit der Softwareinstallation auf dem Raspberry Pi und dem SPS-Editor auf dem PC geht es nach einer Beschreibung der Hardware an das Programmieren.
Es folgen interessante Beispiele nach IEC 61131-3 in den verschiedenen Programmiersprachen. Ausführlich wird auch erklärt, wie der SPS-Editor benutzt wird und wie die Programme auf den Raspberry Pi geladen und ausgeführt werden. Angefangen mit der Programmierung mit KOP (Kontaktplan) über ST (Structured Control Language) bis zu AS (Special Function Chart) werden alle IEC-Sprachen mit Beispielen behandelt. Diese können auf der Website des Autors heruntergeladen werden.
Auch die Vernetzung kommt nicht zu kurz. Der Arduino Uno und der ESP8266 werden als ModbusRTU- bzw. ModbusTCP-Module programmiert, um Zugriff auf externe Peripherie zu erhalten. Damit ist es möglich, Sensoren einzulesen und Verbraucher zu schalten. Interessant dürften auch E/A-Schaltungen sein, die dem 24V-Industriestandard entsprechen.
Befehlsübersichten für ST und KOP runden das Buch ab.
Nach dem Durcharbeiten des Buches ist der Leser in der Lage, eigene SPS-Steuerungen mit dem Raspberry Pi zu verwirklichen.
The Most Iconic Oscilloscopes in Electronics History
The 7000 Series was the most iconic family of oscilloscopes in the history of technology. Introduced in 1969 by Tektronix, the sector’s leader at the time, this remarkable line of instruments defined an era and became a benchmark for generations of engineers, researchers, and technicians.
Throughout the 1970s and well beyond, 7000-Series oscilloscopes were a constant presence in laboratories, universities, and industrial facilities around the world. Their modular plug-in architecture, exceptional flexibility, and outstanding performance embodied the engineering philosophy that made Tektronix synonymous with accuracy, innovation, and reliability.
This book offers an in-depth exploration of the 7000-Series oscilloscopes, combining historical context, technical analysis, and practical insight into their design and restoration. Conceived as a continuation of Tektronix Epic Oscilloscopes, this work expands the subject into two volumes: the first devoted to mainframes and core technologies, the second focused entirely on plug-ins.
With Examples for Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32
Programming small electronic systems has never been more accessible. Tasks that once demanded expensive tools, specialized hardware, and deep electrical engineering expertise can now be tackled with low-cost development boards and approachable software. At the centre of this shift is the Arduino environment, which provides a unified and familiar way to program a wide range of microcontroller platforms—from classic AVR boards like the Arduino UNO to modern ARM-based boards such as the Raspberry Pi Pico, and powerful Wi-Fi-enabled devices like the ESP32.
This book introduces embedded programming through the core idea that defines all microcontrollers: reading inputs, processing information, and controlling outputs in a predictable loop. The Arduino environment abstracts much of the hardware complexity, allowing you to focus on behaviour rather than implementation details. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, control motors, and communicate with other devices.
While the Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico, and ESP32 boards differ greatly in performance and features, they share the same fundamental building blocks: digital and analog I/O, timers, serial communication, PWM, interrupts, and power management. Learning these concepts within the Arduino framework builds skills that transfer easily across platforms and scale toward more advanced applications.
By exploring multiple boards while maintaining a consistent programming approach, this book helps you progress from simple experiments to confidently produce well-structured designs—showing that embedded development can be both practical and enjoyable.
Projects with Arduino, ESPHome, Home Assistant, and Raspberry Pi & Co.
This e-book contains various example projects, beginning with an introduction to electronics. It also explains how to install Home Assistant on a Raspberry Pi, how to use indoor climate sensors for temperature and humidity, how to implement the MQTT protocol and other interfaces, and how to use ESPHome to integrate sensors and actuators into Home Assistant. Numerous video tutorials complement the book.
Fundamentals of electrical engineering
The book begins with an introduction to electrical engineering. You will learn the basics of voltage, current, resistors, diodes and transistors.
Arduino and microcontrollers
A complete section is dedicated to the Arduino Uno. You will get to know the structure, write your first programs and work on practical examples.
Home Assistant and automation
You will learn how to set up Home Assistant on a Raspberry Pi and how to use automations, scenes and devices. In addition, Zigbee, MQTT and ESP-NOW – important technologies for home automation – will be discussed.
ESP8266, ESP32 and ESP32-CAM
The popular ESP microcontrollers are covered in detail. A theoretical introduction is followed by practical projects that show you how to get the most out of these devices.
Sensors and actuators
The book explains the functionality and application of numerous sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors, motion detectors and RFID readers. For actuators, stepper motors, e-ink displays, servo motors and much more are covered. There are practical application examples for all devices.
ESPHome
This chapter shows you how to integrate sensors and actuators into Home Assistant without any programming effort. You will be guided step by step through the setup with ESPHome.
LEDs and lighting technology
In this chapter, you will learn about different types of LEDs and how they can be used. The basics of lighting technology are also explained.
Node-RED
A whole chapter is dedicated to Node-RED. You will learn the basics of this powerful tool and be guided step by step through its setup and use.
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
In electronics, there are numerous ICs that make our lives easier. You will get to know the most important ones and apply your knowledge in practical projects.
Professional programming
Advanced topics such as the correct use of buttons, the use of interrupts and the use of an NTP server for time synchronisation are covered in detail in this chapter.
Downloads
GitHub
Third, extended and revised edition with AVR Playground and Elektor Uno R4
Arduino boards have become hugely successful. They are simple to use and inexpensive. This book will not only familiarize you with the world of Arduino but it will also teach you how to program microcontrollers in general. In this book theory is put into practice on an Arduino board using the Arduino programming environment.
Some hardware is developed too: a multi-purpose shield to build some of the experiments from the first 10 chapters on; the AVR Playground, a real Arduino-based microcontroller development board for comfortable application development, and the Elektor Uno R4, an Arduino Uno R3 on steroids.
The author, an Elektor Expert, provides the reader with the basic theoretical knowledge necessary to program any microcontroller: inputs and outputs (analog and digital), interrupts, communication busses (RS-232, SPI, I²C, 1-wire, SMBus, etc.), timers, and much more. The programs and sketches presented in the book show how to use various common electronic components: matrix keyboards, displays (LED, alphanumeric and graphic color LCD), motors, sensors (temperature, pressure, humidity, sound, light, and infrared), rotary encoders, piezo buzzers, pushbuttons, relays, etc. This book will be your first book about microcontrollers with a happy ending!
This book is for you if you are a beginner in microcontrollers, an Arduino user (hobbyist, tinkerer, artist, etc.) wishing to deepen your knowledge,an Electronics Graduate under Undergraduate student or a teacher looking for ideas.
Thanks to Arduino the implementation of the presented concepts is simple and fun. Some of the proposed projects are very original:
Money Game
Misophone (a musical fork)
Car GPS Scrambler
Weather Station
DCF77 Decoder
Illegal Time Transmitter
Infrared Remote Manipulator
Annoying Sound Generator
Italian Horn Alarm
Overheating Detector
PID Controller
Data Logger
SVG File Oscilloscope
6-Channel Voltmeter
All projects and code examples in this book have been tried and tested on an Arduino Uno board. They should also work with the Arduino Mega and every other compatible board that exposes the Arduino shield extension connectors.
Please note
For this book, the author has designed a versatile printed circuit board that can be stacked on an Arduino board. The assembly can be used not only to try out many of the projects presented in this book but also allows for new exercises that in turn provide the opportunity to discover new techniques. Also available is a kit of parts including the PCB and all components. With this kit you can build most of the circuits described in the book and more.
Datasheets Active Components Used (.PDF file):
ATmega328 (Arduino Uno)
ATmega2560 (Arduino Mega 2560)
BC547 (bipolar transistor, chapters 7, 8, 9)
BD139 (bipolar power transistor, chapter 10)
BS170 (N-MOS transistor, chapter 8)
DCF77 (receiver module, chapter 9)
DS18B20 (temperature sensor, chapter 10)
DS18S20 (temperature sensor, chapter 10)
HP03S (pressure sensor, chapter 8)
IRF630 (N-MOS power transistor, chapter 7)
IRF9630 (P-MOS power transistor, chapter 7)
LMC6464 (quad op-amp, chapter 7)
MLX90614 (infrared sensor, chapter 10)
SHT11 (humidity sensor, chapter 8)
TS922 (dual op-amp, chapter 9)
TSOP34836 (infrared receiver, chapter 9)
TSOP1736 (infrared receiver, chapter 9)
MPX4115 (analogue pressure sensor, chapter 11)
MCCOG21605B6W-SPTLYI (I²C LCD, chapter 12)
SST25VF016B (SPI EEPROM, chapter 13)
About the author
Clemens Valens, born in the Netherlands, lives in France since 1997. Manager at Elektor Labs and Webmaster of ElektorLabs, in love with electronics, he develops microcontroller systems for fun, and sometimes for his employer too. Polyglot—he is fluent in C, C++, PASCAL, BASIC and several assembler dialects—Clemens spends most of his time on his computer while his wife, their two children and two cats try to attract his attention (only the cats succeed). Visit the author’s website: www.polyvalens.com.Authentic testimony of Hervé M., one of the first readers of the book:'I almost cried with joy when this book made me understand things in only three sentences that seemed previously completely impenetrable.'
Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden.Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten.
Kiesschijftelefoon als afstandsbedieningvoor licht kies 1; voor koffie kies 2
GPS-gebaseerde snelheidsmeternooit meer bekeuringen
RGB-stroboscoop met Arduinokleurige toepassing van een nuttig instrument
Draadloze nooddrukknopmeer veiligheid met LoRa
Alle begin......volgt de emitter
Vrij te kiezen onafhankelijke hystereseniveaus voor comparatorenmet simulaties, spreadsheets en algebra
Impedantie-analyzer op basis van een ESP32simpel, weinig onderdelen en goedkoop!
Oost West Lab Bestzelfbouw moet gestimuleerd!
Het MCCAB Arduino Nano Training Boardalle hardware voor de “Microcontrollers Hands-On Course”
Uit het leven gegrepenmodern luddisme
Sensor-ABC: de DS18B20 temperatuursensoraansluiting op de 1-Wire bus
Gaan Matter en Thread het Smart Home redden?nieuwe standaarden om het slimme huis te vereenvoudigen
Een kwestie van samenwerkingontwikkelen met het Thing Plus Matter Board en Simplicity Studio
Elektor IIIIinfographicIoT en sensoren
Matter, ExpressLink, Rainmaker – waar hebben we het over?vraaggesprek met Amey Inamdar van Espressif
De juiste keuze van microcontroller-ontwikkelkitsvoor IoT- en IIoT-toepassingen
Condensatoren gedragen zich niet altijd capacitief!
Een NTP-klok met CircuitPythonwaarom zou je deze programmeertaal gebruiken?
Bouw een cool IoT-display'met de Phambili Newt
De doppler-bewegingssensor HB100theorie en praktijk
Een gids voor puristisch programmeren (deel 1)voor STM32 en andere controllers
Siglent SDM3045X-multimeter
Microprocessoren voor embedded systemenvreemde onderdelen
Microcontroller-documentatie verklaarddeel 3: blokschema’s en meer
Low-power LoRa-weerstationbouw zelf een weerstation met een groot bereik
Transverter voor de 70cm-band
Klimaat aan ingenieurssnelheid is geboden!
Hexadoku
Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here.
Not a member yet? Click here.
For Eyes and Ears
Video Output with Microcontrollers (1)Composite Video
electronica 2022News from the world’s leading electronics trade show
ESP32 CameraSo Simple, It Doesn’t Even Have to Use Wi-Fi
ATX Power Supply for Raspberry Pi
32 Ω Headphone AmplifierSimple But High-Quality 3-Chip Solution
SDR Radio-Controlled clocksFive Time Signals, Six Displays
Starting Out in ElectronicsSpecial Diodes
From Life's ExperienceMusings on the Quality of Things
Reverse-Engineering a Bluetooth Low Energy LED BadgeHow to Control a BLE Device with a Python Script
MakePython ESP32 Development KitEverything in a Box
THD Measurement with an Oscilloscope and FFTEasily Calculate the Distortion Factor
All-Seeing MachinesThe Technology Behind Today’s Industrial Vision Systems
Infographics
The Evolution of Voice and Audio Control for Electronic Devices
WEEF 2022 in Review
FFWD electronica 2022 in ReviewInnovators Did Not Fail to Impress
The TubeAn Unusual Tube Amplifier
Biomaterial in Electronics: Ready or Not
Opera Cake Antenna Switch for HackRF OneConnect Up To Eight Antennas To Your SDR
Engineering with Arduino and MoreAn Interview with Author Ashwin Pajankar
LiDAR Precision GaugeMeasure up to 12 Meters
Audio Signals and the ESP32The ESP-ADF Environment in Practice
Elektor Fortissimo-100 Power Amplifier Kit
Using Light for Sound EffectsLDR-Based Voltage-Controlled 24 dB/oct Synthesizer Filter
Elektor High-Power AF AmplifierThe Loudest of Them All!
HomeLab ToursA Volumetric Display Made in Canada
Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters
Hexadoku
Learning circuit design the fun way
Welcome to the world of electronics!
Getting started in electronics is not as difficult as you may think. Using this book, you will explore and learn the most important electrical and electronics engineering concepts in a fun way by doing various experiments and by simulating circuits. It will teach you electronics practically without getting into complex technical jargon and long calculations. As a result, you will be creating your own projects soon.
No prior knowledge of electronics is required, only some basic algebra is used in a few simple calculations. Many tested and working projects and simulations are presented to familiarise yourself with the construction of electronic circuits. Circuit simulation is introduced at an early stage to enable you to experiment with circuits easily without breaking anything.
You will learn:
The concepts of voltage, current, and power
AC and DC
Basic lamp circuits with switches
Passive components: resistors, capacitors & inductors
RC & RCL circuits
Electromagnetism
Loudspeakers, relays, buzzers, and transformers
Active components: diodes & LEDs, bipolar transistors & MOSFETs
Transistor-based switching circuits
Optocoupler circuits
Astable & monostable multivibrators
Using the 555 timer IC
The operational amplifier
Digital logic
Advanced examples: amplifiers, oscillators, filters, and sensors
Test and measurement tools
Microcontrollers: Arduino UNO, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico, and Raspberry Pi
Reading datasheets and best practices for selecting components
EMC & EMI and norms & regulations
AI in Practice
Dive into the fascinating world of robotics and automation!
This Elektor Special shows you how to build your own robots with creativity, a little know-how, and affordable technology. From your first DIY project with Arduino or Raspberry Pi to intelligent systems with AI – this issue makes modern robotics understandable and accessible.
Discover practical instructions, inspiring projects, and exciting insights into the maker scene. Learn how experimentation, community, and openness give rise to true innovation – and why robotics is so much more than just a technical hobby.
Contents
Imagination turns into reality
Arduino-controlled Drawing Robot
GalaxyRVR Mars Rover Kit for Arduino
YDLIDAR X4Pro Lidar
xHuskyLens AI Camera
DOF Robot Arm with Raspberry Pi Pico
Manufacturing Robots with Fischertechnik
Pneumatic Industrial Robot
Why Do We Keep Building Robot Dogs?
Elektor Mini-Wheelie
Robot Vehicles and Autonomous Driving
ModbusRTU and ModbusTCP examples with the Arduino Uno and ESP8266
Introduction to PLC programming with OpenPLC, the first fully open source Programmable Logic Controller on the Raspberry Pi, and Modbus examples with Arduino Uno and ESP8266
PLC programming is very common in industry and home automation. This book describes how the Raspberry Pi 4 can be used as a Programmable Logic Controller. Before taking you into the programming, the author starts with the software installation on the Raspberry Pi and the PLC editor on the PC, followed by a description of the hardware.
You'll then find interesting examples in the different programming languages complying with the IEC 61131-3 standard. This manual also explains in detail how to use the PLC editor and how to load and execute the programs on the Raspberry Pi. All IEC languages are explained with examples, starting with LD (Ladder Diagram) over ST (Structured Control Language) to SFC (Special Function Chart). All examples can be downloaded from the author's website.
Networking gets thorough attention too. The Arduino Uno and the ESP8266 are programmed as ModbusRTU or ModbusTCP modules to get access to external peripherals, reading sensors and switching electrical loads. I/O circuits complying with the 24 V industry standard may also be of interest for the reader.
The book ends with an overview of commands for ST and LD. After reading the book, the reader will be able to create his own controllers with the Raspberry Pi.
Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here.
Not a member yet? Click here.
AI Tools for Hardware PrototypingWhat Helps, What Does Not, and Where the Engineer Still Has to Sit
ZSWatch — From Idea to ProductPart 1: A Completely Open Smartwatch
Three-Way Tone ControlHigh-End — For That Little Bit Extra
electronica Fast Forward 202610 Years of Innovation
Microcontroller PrototypingAn Overview of Popular Boards
Prototyping BreadboardsPeculiar Parts, the Series
Designing for OrbitA Maker’s Guide to COTS Selection, Radiation Resilience, and Mission Architecture
Thermal Management for Reliable ElectronicsWhen Every Degree Counts
From Concept to GadgetBuilding Embedded Systems That Ship
Understanding the EU Cyber Resilience ActWhat the CRA Demands and How to Meet It: A Guide for Embedded Engineers
Lusight: Printed Displays You Can Reveal with Your PhoneDiscover What Is Inside the Badge on the Cover of Elektor’s electronica Edition
Teaching a Robot Arm to See and MoveAI-Driven Manipulation Using a 3D-Printed Robot
Loop Antenna with RF BricksPart 2: Signal Processing
From Prototype to ProductionPractical Lessons from the Elektor Community
Project UpdatesFeedback, Ideas, Corrections
Handheld Audio GeneratorA Reference Signal Source for Quick Audio Systems Setup
AudiotronicsMore Distortion, and a Level-Matching Amplifier
2026: An AI OdysseyWhen AI Starts Building AI
Wireless Workshop (2)Radio Modules Unlocked: 2.4-GHz nRF24L01P Transceiver
The Digital Path
Building an Open-Source SmartwatchDaniel Kampert on ZSWatch, Open Hardware, and Engineering Trade-Offs
How to Prepare for Professional SMD Assembly
Engineering Beyond the BenchSystem Integration, Troubleshooting, and Real-World Testing
Elektor at 65Projects from Novembers and Decembers Past
Avionics Instrument SimulatorESP32-S3-Based, with Round HMI Display
