AI in Practice
Dive into the fascinating world of robotics and automation!
This Elektor Special shows you how to build your own robots with creativity, a little know-how, and affordable technology. From your first DIY project with Arduino or Raspberry Pi to intelligent systems with AI – this issue makes modern robotics understandable and accessible.
Discover practical instructions, inspiring projects, and exciting insights into the maker scene. Learn how experimentation, community, and openness give rise to true innovation – and why robotics is so much more than just a technical hobby.
Contents
Imagination turns into reality
Arduino-controlled Drawing Robot
GalaxyRVR Mars Rover Kit for Arduino
YDLIDAR X4Pro Lidar
xHuskyLens AI Camera
DOF Robot Arm with Raspberry Pi Pico
Manufacturing Robots with Fischertechnik
Pneumatic Industrial Robot
Why Do We Keep Building Robot Dogs?
Elektor Mini-Wheelie
Robot Vehicles and Autonomous Driving
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller development system encompassing hardware, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and a vast number of libraries. It is supported by an enormous community of programmers, electronic engineers, enthusiasts, and academics. The libraries in particular really smooth Arduino programming and reduce programming time. What’s more, the libraries greatly facilitate testing your programs since most come fully tested and working.
The Raspberry Pi 4 can be used in many applications such as audio and video media devices. It also works in industrial controllers, robotics, games, and in many domestic and commercial applications. The Raspberry Pi 4 also offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability which makes it great for remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications.
This book is about using both the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Arduino Uno in PID-based automatic control applications. The book starts with basic theory of the control systems and feedback control. Working and tested projects are given for controlling real-life systems using PID controllers. The open-loop step time response, tuning the PID parameters, and the closed-loop time response of the developed systems are discussed together with the block diagrams, circuit diagrams, PID controller algorithms, and the full program listings for both the Raspberry Pi and the Arduino Uno.
The projects given in the book aim to teach the theory and applications of PID controllers and can be modified easily as desired for other applications. The projects given for the Raspberry Pi 4 should work with all other models of Raspberry Pi family.
The book covers the following topics:
Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
Analog and digital sensors
Transfer functions and continuous-time systems
First-order and second-order system time responses
Discrete-time digital systems
Continuous-time PID controllers
Discrete-time PID controllers
ON-OFF temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno
PID-based temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno
PID-based DC motor control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno
PID-based water level control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno
PID-based LED-LDR brightness control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno
Practical Applications and Project with Arduino, ESP32, and RP2040
Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of control engineering with Arduino and ESP32! This book offers you a practical introduction to classic and modern control methods, including PID controllers, fuzzy logic, and sliding-mode controllers.
In the first part, you will learn the basics of the popular Arduino controllers, such as the Arduino Uno and the ESP32, as well as the integration of sensors for temperature and pH measurement (NTC, PT100, PT1000, and pH sensor).
You will learn how to use these sensors in various projects and how to visualize data on a Nextion TFT display. The course continues with an introduction to actuators such as MOSFET switches, H-bridges, and solid-state relays, which are used to control motors and actuators. You will learn to analyze and model controlled systems, including PT1 and PT2 control.
The book focuses on the implementation of fuzzy and PID controllers for controlling temperature and DC motors. Both the Arduino Uno and the ESP32 are used. The sliding-mode controller is also introduced.
In the second-to-last chapter, you will explore the basics of neural networks and learn how machine learning can be used on an Arduino. In the last chapter, there is a practical example of a fuzzy controller for feeding electricity into the household grid.
This book is the perfect choice for engineers, students, and electronics engineers who want to expand their projects with innovative control techniques.
Projects with Arduino Uno & Raspberry Pi with Examples for the MCP2515 CAN Bus Interface Module
This book details the use of the Arduino Uno and the Raspberry Pi 4 in practical CAN bus based projects. Using either the Arduino Uno or the Raspberry Pi with off-the-shelf CAN bus interface modules considerably ease developing, debugging, and testing CAN bus based projects.
This book is written for students, practicing engineers, enthusiasts, and for everyone else wanting to learn more about the CAN bus and its applications. The book assumes that the reader has some knowledge of basic electronics. Knowledge of the C and Python programming languages and programming the Arduino Uno using its IDE and Raspberry Pi will be useful, especially if the reader intends to develop microcontroller-based projects using the CAN bus.
The book should be a useful source of reference material for anyone interested in finding answers to questions such as:
What bus systems are available for the automotive industry?
What are the principles of the CAN bus?
How can I create a physical CAN bus?
What types of frames (or data packets) are available in a CAN bus system?
How can errors be detected in a CAN bus system and how dependable is a CAN bus system?
What types of CAN bus controllers exist?
How do I use the MCP2515 CAN bus controller?
How do I create 2-node Arduino Uno-based CAN bus projects?
How do I create 3-node Arduino Uno-based CAN bus projects?
How do I set the acceptance masks and acceptance filters?
How do I analyze data on the CAN bus?
How do I create 2-node Raspberry Pi-based CAN bus projects?
How do I create 3-node Raspberry Pi-based CAN bus projects?
Clever Tricks with ATmega328 Pro Mini Boards
With a simple Pro Mini board and a few other components, projects that 20 or 30 years ago were unthinkable (or would have cost a small fortune) are realized easily and affordably in this book: From simple LED effects to a full battery charging and testing station that will put a rechargeable through its paces, there’s something for everyone.
All the projects are based on the ATmega328 microcontroller, which offers endless measuring, switching, and control options with its 20 input and output lines. For example, with a 7-segment display and a few resistors, you can build a voltmeter or an NTC-based thermometer. The Arduino platform offers the perfect development environment for programming this range of boards.
Besides these very practical projects, the book also provides the necessary knowledge for you to create projects based on your own ideas. How to measure, and what? Which transistor is suitable for switching a certain load? When is it better to use an IC? How do you switch mains voltage? Even LilyPad-based battery-operated projects are discussed in detail, as well as many different motors, from simple DC motors to stepper motors.
Sensors are another exciting topic: For example, a simple infrared receiver that can give disused remote controls a new lease on life controlling your home, and a tiny component that can actually measure the difference in air pressure between floor and table height!
Inhalt:
Praxis
Geisterhände – RC5-Empfang und 3,3-V-Triac-Ansteuerung mit ARM Cortex-M3
Als Vermählte grüßen … – Trägerboard für mbed-ARM-Zentraleinheit und Arduino Shields
Cortex-M: Spionage-Port sucht Anschluss – Neuer Debug-Anschluss bei aktuellen ARM Cortex-M Mikrocontrollern
Yes we CAN CAN – Dual-CAN-Port für das R8C/13-Board
ARM-Thermometer – USB-basierte Temperaturüberwachung mit Kaltstellen-Kompensation
Know-how
Nie mehr Ladehemmung – USB als Akku-Ladeport
Power up – Stromversorgung per Ethernet bis 90 W
Reise ins Innere der ARM-MCU – ARM On-Chip Debug-Schnittstellen: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Info
Marktübersicht – Android-Applikationen für Elektroniker
Aktuell – Companion-Chips, Eva-Kits, MCUs und Software
Noch einfacher – RS-232-DB-9 wird USB-DB-9
Wenn nichts mehr geht – Hot-Swap-I²C-Bus-Puffer mit großer Low-Pegel-Toleranz
Treibende Kraft – Energieeffiziente Motorsteuerungen skalierbar entwickeln
Weitere Hefte aus dieser Reihe:
Mikrocontroller 7 (PDF)
Mikrocontroller 5 (PDF)
Mikrocontroller 4 (PDF)
Mikrocontroller 3 (PDF)
Mikrocontroller 2 (PDF)
Mikrocontroller 1 (PDF)
Based on PIC microcontrollers and Arduino
Every mobile phone includes a GSM/GPRS modem which enables the phone to communicate with the external world. With the help of the GSM modems, users can establish audio conversations and send and receive SMS text messages. In addition, the GPRS modem enables users to connect to the internet and to send and receive large files such as pictures and video over the internet.
This book is aimed for the people who may want to learn how to use the GSM/GPRS modems in microcontroller based projects. Two types of popular microcontroller families are considered in the e-book: PIC microcontrollers, and the Arduino. The highly popular mid-performance PIC18F87J50 microcontroller is used in PIC based projects together with a GSM Click board. In addition, the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield is used with the Arduino Uno projects. Both GSM and GPRS based projects are included in the e-book.
The book will enable you to control equipment remotely by sending SMS messages from your mobile phone to the microcontroller, send the ambient temperature readings from the microcontroller to a mobile phone as SMS messages, use the GPRS commands to access the internet from a microcontroller, send temperature readings to the cloud using UDP and TCP protocols and so on.
It is assumed that the reader has some basic working knowledge of the C language and the use of microcontrollers in simple projects. Although not necessary, knowledge of at least one member of the PIC microcontroller family and the Arduino Uno will be an advantage. It will also be useful if the user has some knowledge of basic electronics.
Analogue Electronics and Microcontrollers Projects
Hobbyist electronics can be a fun way to learn new skills that can be helpful to your career. Those who understand the basics of electronics can design their own circuits and projects. However, before you run, you need to learn to walk.
It all starts with analogue electronics. You should be familiar with the simple components and circuits and understand their basic behaviors and the issues you may encounter. The best way to do this is through real experiments. Theory alone is not enough. This book offers a large number of practical entry-level circuits, with which everyone can gain the basic experience.
Through the widespread introduction of microcontrollers, a new chapter in electronics has begun. Microcontrollers are now performing more and more tasks that were originally solved using discrete components and conventional ICs. Starting out has become easier and easier thanks to platforms including Bascom, Arduino, micro:bit. The book introduces numerous manageable microcontroller applications. It’s now a case of less soldering and more programming.
Dieses Bundle enthält die beliebte Elektor Sanduhr für Raspberry Pi Pico und das neue Elektor Laserkopf-Upgrade und bietet damit noch mehr Möglichkeiten zur Zeitanzeige. Sie können die aktuelle Uhrzeit nicht nur in Sand "gravieren", sondern sie jetzt auch alternativ auf eine im Dunkeln leuchtende Folie schreiben oder grüne Zeichnungen erstellen.
Inhalt des Bundles
Elektor Sanduhr für Raspberry Pi Pico (Einzelpreis: 50 €)
Elektor Laserkopf-Upgrade für Sanduhr (Einzelpreis: 35 €)
Elektor Sanduhr für Raspberry Pi Pico (Raspberry Pi-basierter Eyecatcher)
Eine handelsübliche Sanduhr zeigt nur, wie die Zeit verrinnt. Dagegen zeigt diese Raspberry Pi Pico-gesteuerte Sanduhr die genaue Uhrzeit an, indem die vier Ziffern für Stunde und Minute in die Sandschicht "eingraviert" werden. Nach einer einstellbaren Verzögerung wird der Sand durch zwei Vibrationsmotoren flachgedrückt und der Zyklus beginnt von vorne.
Das Herzstück der Sanduhr sind zwei Servomotoren, die über einen Pantographenmechanismus einen Schreibstift antreiben. Ein dritter Servomotor hebt den Stift auf und ab. Der Sandbehälter ist mit zwei Vibrationsmotoren ausgestattet, um den Sand zu glätten. Der elektronische Teil der Sanduhr besteht aus einem Raspberry Pi Pico und einer RTC/Treiberplatine mit Echtzeituhr, plus Treiberschaltungen für die Servomotoren.
Eine ausführliche Bauanleitung steht zum Download bereit.
Features
Abmessungen: 135 x 110 x 80 mm
Bauzeit: ca. 1,5 bis 2 Stunden
Lieferumfang
3x vorgeschnittene Acrylplatten mit allen mechanischen Teilen
3x Mini-Servomotoren
2x Vibrationsmotoren
1x Raspberry Pi Pico
1x RTC/Treiberplatine mit montierten Teilen
Muttern, Bolzen, Abstandshalter und Drähte für die Baugruppe
Feinkörniger weißer Sand
Elektor Laserkopf-Upgrade für Sanduhr
Der neue Elektor-Laserkopf verwandelt die Elektor Sanduhr in eine Uhr, die die Zeit auf eine im Dunkeln leuchtende Folie statt auf Sand schreibt. Neben der Anzeige der Zeit können damit auch flüchtige Zeichnungen erstellt werden. Der 5-mW-Laserpointer mit einer Wellenlänge von 405 nm erzeugt leuchtend grüne Zeichnungen auf der im Dunkeln leuchtenden Folie. Um optimale Ergebnisse zu erzielen, verwenden Sie das Kit in einem schwach beleuchteten Raum. Achtung: Schauen Sie niemals direkt in den Laserstrahl!
Der Bausatz enthält alle notwendigen Komponenten, es ist jedoch das Anlöten von drei Drähten erforderlich.
Hinweis: Dieses Kit ist auch mit der originalen Arduino-basierten Sanduhr aus dem Jahr 2017 kompatibel. Weitere Einzelheiten finden Sie unter Elektor 1-2/2017 und Elektor 1-2/2018.
Der Elektor Audio DSP FX Processor kombiniert einen ESP32-Mikrocontroller und einen ADAU1701 Audio DSP von Analog Devices. Neben einem vom Benutzer programmierbaren DSP-Kern verfügt der ADAU1701 über hochwertige integrierte Analog-Digital- und Digital-Analog-Wandler und verfügt über einen I²S-Port. Dadurch eignet es sich als hochwertiges Audio-Interface für den ESP32.
Programme für den ESP32 können mit Arduino, Platform IO, CMake oder durch die Verwendung des Espressif IDF auf andere Weise erstellt werden. Programme für die Audio-DSPs ADAU7101 werden mit dem kostenlosen visuellen Programmiertool SigmaStudio durch Ziehen und Ablegen vordefinierter Algorithmusblöcke auf einer Leinwand erstellt.
Anwendungen
Bluetooth/Wi-Fi-Audiosink (z. B. Lautsprecher) & Quelle
Gitarreneffektpedal (Stomp-Box)
Musiksynthesizer
Sound-/Funktionsgenerator
Programmierbarer Crossover-Filter für Lautsprecher
Erweiterter Audioeffektprozessor (Hall, Chorus, Pitch-Shifting usw.)
Mit dem Internet verbundenes Audiogerät
DSP-Experimentierplattform
Drahtloses MIDI
MIDI-zu-CV-Konverter
und viele mehr...
Technische Daten
ADAU1701 28-/56-Bit, 50-MIPS digitaler Audioprozessor, der Abtastraten von bis zu 192 kHz unterstützt
ESP32 32-Bit-Dual-Core-Mikrocontroller mit Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n und Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR und BLE
2x 24-Bit-Audioeingänge (2 V RMS, 20 kΩ)
4x 24-Bit-Audioausgänge (0,9 V RMS, 600 Ω)
4x Steuerpotentiometer
MIDI Ein- und Ausgang
I²C-Erweiterungsport
Multi-Mode-Betrieb
Stromversorgung: 5 V DC USB oder 7,5-12 V DC (Hohlbuchse, mittlerer Pin ist GND)
Stromverbrauch (Durchschnitt): 200 mA
Lieferumfang
1x ESP32 Audio DSP FX Prozessor Board (montiert)
1x ESP32-PICO-KIT
2x Jumper
2x 18-Pin Header (female)
4x 10 KB Potentiometer
Downloads
Documentation
GitHub