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Elektor Magazine FR November/Dezember 2020 (PDF)

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Grundlagen und Simulation mit Multisim Analoge Filterschaltungen bilden die schaltungstechnischen Grundlagen in der Elektronik, Messtechnik, Nachrichtentechnik, Computertechnik usw. Die Bauelemente Widerstand, Kondensator und Spule sind die Grundlagen der passiven Filtertechnik. Filter haben Einfluss auf die Signalamplitude, die Signalform (zeitlicher Verlauf) und Signallaufzeit (Signalverlauf). Mit diesen Voraussetzungen werden Zweipole, Vierpole, Hoch- und Tiefpässe behandelt. Daraus resultieren Frequenz- und Phasengang, Dämpfung, Bandpass, Bandsperre und Doppel-T-Filter. Der Operationsverstärker arbeitet als Verstärker in der aktiven Filtertechnik. Erklärt werden in diesem Buch auch aktive Hoch- und Tiefpassfilter der 1., 2., 3. und höherer Ordnung, Unterschiede zwischen Gauß-, Bessel-, Butterworth- und Tschebyscheff-Funktionen, aktive Bandpass- und Bandsperrfilter, Allpassfilter und Universalfilter. Dieses Buch basiert auf dem bekannten Programm Multisim und Spice. Damit lassen sich alle Versuche simulieren.

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The intention of this book is to offer the reader understandings, ideas and solutions from the perspective of a workbench technician and electronics hobbyist. It is a descriptive text with many tables of useful data, servicing tips and supplementary notes of not so common knowledge. Today there is a re-emerging, nostalgic interest in vinyl records and associated music entertainment gear. With this interest, there is a paralleled market for the repair of this gear. This ‘hands-on’ servicing guide opens with fundamental considerations of the work space of repair and servicing. This includes a comprehensive discussion of essential test equipment and tools. Two chapters are devoted to obtaining servicing information about repair and obtaining spare parts. A key chapter is on general diagnosis and testing and includes the discussion of resistance, capacitance and inductance. These electrical properties are regularly in the mind of the repairer, so understanding of them is a key objective of this book. The next chapter is about time saving repair techniques and ensuring quality repair. The remaining chapters discuss entertainment equipment itself. Each of the chapters begins with an orderly discussion of the theory of operation and common and not so common problems specific to the equipment. All chapters conclude with a summary.

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Nachdem in den Bänden LabVIEW 1: Einstieg in die Praxis und LabVIEW 2: Arrays und serielle Daten zur Einführung in LabVIEW ein breit gefächertes und solides Grundlagenwissen vermittelt wurde, stehen mit LabVIEW 3: Für den Praktiker fortgeschrittene Programmiertechniken auf dem Programm. Die Entwicklung eigener Sub-VIs (Unterprogramme), das Arbeiten mit Schieberegistern und Zustandsautomaten und die Ereignisgesteuerte Programmierung stellen die Schwerpunkte des dritten Bandes dar. Die Erweiterung der LabVIEW-Funktionalitäten durch die Entwicklung eigener Sub-VIs Der Einsatz von Schieberegistern zur Erstellung leistungsfähiger Zustandsautomaten Optimierte Ablaufstrukturen durch Anwendung der Ereignisgesteuerten Programmierung Verwendung anspruchsvoller graphische Frontpanelelemente wie Signalverlaufsdiagramme, Signalverlaufsgraphen und XY-Graphen Die verschiedenen Methoden zur Datenspeicherung in Dateien mit Hilfe der vorhandenen Datei-I/O-Funktionen und -VIs Die Synchronisierung von unabhängig parallel ablaufenden Prozessen durch Semaphoren, Melder oder Queues Abgerundet wird der Inhalt dieses Bandes durch Betrachtungen zu globalen Variablen. Alle im Buch entwickelten VIs sind frei vom Elektor-Server downloadbar. Ebenso steht dort ein Bonuskapitel zum freien Download zur Verfügung, in dem es um die komplette Steuerung von VIs über das Internet geht.

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Messtechnik für Niederfrequenzverstärker (E-book)

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Stromversorgungen in der Praxis (E-Book)

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Elektronische systemen in een voertuig worden steeds belangrijker. Dit wordt mede veroorzaakt door de toenemende milieu- en veiligheidseisen en de wensen ten aanzien van het comfort. Dit leidt niet alleen tot een toename van het aantal regeleenheden (tot 80 stuks in een enkel voertuig) maar deze regeleenheden, die vaak van verschillende leveranciers zijn, moeten ook met elkaar communiceren. Vanaf 2008 is het voor nieuwe voertuigen die voor typegoedkeuring worden aangeboden, verplicht om ten aanzien van emissiegerelateerde storingen via de CAN-bus met een externe diagnosetester te communiceren, volgens een door Europese regelgeving vastgestelde norm. Er wordt uitgebreid aandacht besteed aan de opbouw en werking van het CAN-protocol, gezien vanuit zowel de software als de hardware. Onderwerpen die aan bod komen zijn onder andere de opbouw van een CAN-bericht, de prioriteitsregeling en de fysieke verbinding. Behalve de CAN-bus komt ook EOBD via de CAN-bus uitgebreid aan de orde: hoe werkt EOBD, en welke diagnostische gegevens zijn met behulp van een diagnosetester toegankelijk. De ‘rode draad’ wordt gevormd door de regelgeving van de Europese Unie en de internationale ISO- en SAE-normen. Deze regelgeving en normen moeten er voor zorgen dat de milieubelasting tot een minimum wordt beperkt en een milieugerelateerde storing snel gesignaleerd (en gerepareerd) wordt. Na het doorlezen en bestuderen van de inhoud wordt de CAN-bus en de diagnose via de CAN-bus voor iedereen inzichtelijk; de hobbyist die een CAN-bericht wil begrijpen en eventueel een eigen CAN-bussysteem wil opzetten, de sleutelaar die de storingen van zijn eigen voertuig wil uitlezen en repareren, maar ook de professionele diagnosetechnicus die een lastige fout moet opsporen. Daarnaast kunnen studenten en ontwikkelaars van CAN- en EOBD-applicaties door bestuderen en vooral experimenteren een basis leggen voor eigen toepassingen.

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Nobody has any doubt that valve amplifiers produce a remarkably beautiful sound. They have a lively, deep, clear, and expressive sound, and dynamically they do not appear to have any limitations. The author investigates, in a systematic theoretical approach, the reasons for these beautiful properties. He develops new models for power valves and transformers, thus enabling the designer to determine the properties of the amplifier during the design process. Mathematical models for the coupling of power valve(s) and output transformer are provided. These will generate new insights in a special kind of distortion: the dynamic damping factor distortion (DDFD). With mathematical models in the complex domain, especially the properties at the limits of our hearing range (from 20 Hz to 20 kHz) are investigated and the minimal stability criteria for the amplifier are formulated. The often-applied negative feedback in amplifiers is extensively modelled and discussed in relation to our hearing appreciating. And after all this theory a fine selection of special amplifiers is presented and discussed. You will notice in this book that the author not only writes about amplifier technique, but tells about the way the development of valve amplifiers can have an influence on your daily life; even the usefulness of patents is discussed. Summarizing: new theories and solutions for perfect audio with valve amplifiers. Not only the professional and the DIY-er but everyone who wants to understand valve amplifiers will read this book with much pleasure.

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All you need to know about good acoustics and sound systems in performance and worship spaces! Everyone knows that the ability to hear music in balance and to understand speech is essential in any space used for performance or worship. Unfortunately, in the early 21st century, we find that buildings with good acoustics are the exception rather than the rule. Much of the fault leading to this result can be traced to the widespread perception that acoustics is a black art. In fact, scientific acoustics as developed in the last century is a well-defined engineering practice that can lead to predictable excellent results. A basic, non-engineering understanding of acoustics will help building owners, theater managers, ministers and teachers of music, performers, and other professionals to achieve their goals of excellent acoustics in venues with which they work. Performers having a basic understanding of acoustics will be able to make the most of the acoustics of the venue in which they perform. This book helps those responsible for providing good acoustics in performance and worship spaces to understand the variables and choices entailed in proper acoustic design for performance and worship. Practicing acoustical consultants will find the book a useful reference as well. The level of presentation is comfortable and straightforward without being simplistic. If correct acoustical principles are incorporated into the design, renovation, and maintenance of performance and worship venues, good acoustics will be the result.

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Sound Secrets and Technology What would today’s rock and pop music be without electric lead and bass guitars? These instruments have been setting the tone for more than sixty years. Their underlying sound is determined largely by their electrical components. But, how do they actually work? Almost no one is able to explain this to the true musician with no technical background. This book answers many questions simply, in an easily-understandable manner. For the interested musician (and others), this book unveils, in a simple and well-grounded way, what have, until now, been regarded as manufacturer secrets. The examination explores deep within the guitar, including pickups and electrical environment, so that guitar electronics are no longer considered highly secret. With a few deft interventions, many instruments can be rendered more versatile and made to sound a lot better – in the most cost-effective manner. The author is an experienced electronics professional and active musician. He has thoroughly tested everything described here, in practice.

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