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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Cool Projects for Test, Measurement, and Control The Raspberry Pi has dominated the maker scene for many years. Freely accessible I/O pins have made it one of the most popular processor boards of all time. However, the classic Raspberry Pi has no analog inputs. Direct measurement of analog values is therefore not possible. Consequently, photodiodes, NTCs, Hall sensors, etc. cannot be read directly. In addition, the pins are connected directly to the exposed contacts, i.e. without a driver or protection circuit. This can quickly destroy the central controller and thus the entire Raspberry Pi. These problems can be elegantly solved with the Pico. As a front-end, it can easily handle a wide range of measurement tasks. In addition, the Pico is much cheaper than a classic Raspberry Pi 4 or 5. If a faulty circuit leads to the destruction of the Pico, this is relatively easy to handle. This makes the combination of a classic Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and the Pico an ideal pair. The book introduces the broad and highly topical field of modern controller technology using the combined force of a Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and a Raspberry Pi Pico. In addition to a detailed introduction to the operation and functionality of the controller boards themselves, the book also focuses on data acquisition and processing with digital processors. Especially the combination of both systems offers a wide range of interesting possibilities. Some practical projects from the contents: USB between Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and Pico I²C Communication and Pico as an I²C device Voltmeter and Computer Thermometer Pico W as a Web Server and WLAN Scanner Frequency Meters and Generators OLED Displays on Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and Pico Energy Saving Monitor Which Astronauts are in Orbit? Mini Monitor for Current Bitcoin Exchange Rate

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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Analoge schakelingen, sensors en microcontrollers Elektronica is spannend. Het is een hobby die zowel leuk als leerzaam is. Het stelt je in staat om thuis of op het werk nieuwe en nuttige vaardigheden te leren. Een ervaren elektronicus ontwerpt zijn eigen schakelingen, en brengt zijn projecten tot leven. Maar voordat je zover bent, moet je eerst de basis onder de knie krijgen. Daarom brengt dit boek een groot aantal inleidende artikelen samen die in het elektronicatijdschrift Elektor zijn gepubliceerd. Het is je metgezel bij het leerproces in de wereld van de elektronica. Het begint allemaal met analoge elektronica. Je zult de eenvoudigste componenten en circuits ontdekken om te begrijpen hoe ze werken, hoe ze op elkaar inwerken en de mogelijke problemen. De beste manier om vooruitgang te boeken is door echte experimenten uit te voeren, want theorie is niet genoeg. Dit boek begeleid je in een groot aantal praktische projecten voor beginners. Door ze te maken, doe je veel ervaring en kennis op. Het tweede deel van het boek neemt je mee in de wereld van de digitale elektronica. De auteur bespreekt het gebruik van microcontrollers. Taken die voorheen werden uitgevoerd door discrete componenten of conventionele geïntegreerde schakelingen worden nu uitgevoerd door microcontrollers. De programmeertaal BASCOM, maar ook platforms als Arduino, BBC micro:bit en andere, maken dit leerproces veel gemakkelijker. Dit boek beschrijft in detail vele toepassingen van microcontrollers, die betaalbaar zijn voor de beginner. Hier gaan programmeren en solderen hand in hand!

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Der Traum eines jeden Modelleisenbahners ist es, seine Anlage möglichst dem großen Vorbild getreu aufzubauen und zu steuern. Entsprechend dem heutigen Stand der Technik wird hierzu die Elektronik mit ihrer gesamten Bandbreite eingesetzt: vom passiven Bauelement über das aktive, der integrierten Schaltung bis hin zum PC. Dabei passiert es leider manchem Modelleisenbahner, dass er den Anschluss verpasst, weil er keinen Zugang hat zu der modernen Technik und der damit verbundenen Elektronik.Die vierteilige Buchreihe Elektronik & Modellbahn schafft Abhilfe und bringt die Elektronik dem Modelleisenbahner näher. Jeder hat die Möglichkeit, gemäß seinem Wissensstand in die Technik einzusteigen.Der 2. Band aus der "Elektronik und Modellbahn"-Reihe befasst sich mit den gängigsten Bauelementen. Mit Hilfe von Transistoren, digitalen ICs und Operationsverstärkern lassen sich Anzugs- und Abfallverzögerungen, Lichtschranken, Fahrregler, NF-Verstärker, Filter und viele andere Dinge ohne riesigen Schaltungsaufwand schnell und unkompliziert aufbauen.Weitere Bücher aus dieser Reihe: Elektronik & Modellbahn 1 (PDF) Elektronik & Modellbahn 3 (PDF) Elektronik & Modellbahn 4 (PDF)

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. electronica fast forward 2022 Start- & Scale-Up AwardsPreparations Speeding Up! Bluetooth Low Energy with ESP32-C3 and ESP32You Don’t Always Need to Choose Wi-Fi! Bluetooth Low Energy SnifferHacking a makerdiary nRF52840 MDK USB Dongle Magic RGB LED CubeHardware Design Around an RP2040 Auto On/Off for Solder Paste Compressor Elektor Video ContentLivestreams, Webinars, and Courses for Engineers and Pro Makers Bicycle ElectrificationHands-On with an E-Bike Retrofit Kit Starting Out in ElectronicsMultiplying Voltages From Life’s ExperienceSidelines Teensy 4.0Why Is This Board So Fast? Audio Power Amplifier Simulation with TINAThe Try-Before-You-Build Approach Develop and Operate Your LoRaWAN IoT NodesSample Chapter: Dragino LHT65, LDS01, and LDS02 LoRaWAN Modules Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters 5G Just for MeGaining Complete Control of 5G Deployments with Private Cellular Networks Infographics 7-8/2022 How Does My Device Learn to Transmit?Applications with Wi-Fi Interfaces Smartphones are the Heart of the IoT Audio Spectrum Analyzer with DekatronsA New Way to Use Vintage Tubes Sending Data to TelegramGet It Done with an ESP32 and a Few Parts A Fliege Notch Filter for Audio MeasurementsMake Better Measurements with a Notch Filter CO2 Meter TeardownIs It Hackable for Your Projects? PUT-ting It All TogetherThe Programmable Unijunction Transistor Explained Round Touchscreen for Raspberry PiHyperPixel 2.1 Round from Pimoroni Remote Sensing with Connection Loss DetectionUsing nRF24L01+ Modules Digital FM Receiver with Arduino and TEA5767Stayed Tuned with an Arduino Nano Changing an OLED Interface from SPI to I²C HomeLab ToursA Hobby Does Not Retire A Decade of Ethics in ElectronicsTessel Renzenbrink Reflects on the Digital Society and More HexadokuThe Original Elektorized Sudoku

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32 new Projects, Practical Examples and Exercises with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Electronics and microcontroller technology offer the opportunity to be creative. This practical microcontroller course provides you with the chance to bring your own Arduino projects and experience such moments of success. Ideally, everything works as you imagined when you switch it on for the first time. In practice, however, things rarely work as expected. At that point, you need knowledge to efficiently search for and find the reason for the malfunction. In this book for advanced users, we delve deep into the world of microcontrollers and the Arduino IDE to learn new procedures and details, enabling you to successfully tackle and solve even more challenging situations. With this book, the author gives the reader the necessary tools to create projects independently and also to be able to find errors quickly. Instead of just offering ready-made solutions, he explains the background, the hardware used, and any tools required. He sets tasks in which the reader contributes their own creativity and writes the Arduino sketch themselves. If you don’t have a good idea and get stuck, there is, of course, a suggested solution for every project and every task, along with the corresponding software, which is commented on and explained in detail in the book. This practical course will teach you more about the inner workings of the Arduino Nano and its microcontroller. You will get to know hardware modules that you can use to realize new and interesting projects. You will familiarize yourself with software methods such as ‘state machines,’ which can often be used to solve problems more easily and clearly. The numerous practical projects and exercise sketches are once again realized on the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board, which you may already be familiar with from the course book ‘Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters’, and which contains all the hardware peripherals and operating elements we need for the input/output operations of our sketches. Readers who do not yet own the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board can purchase the required hardware separately, or alternatively, build it on a breadboard.

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Der Autor führt Einsteiger und auch Fortgeschrittene gekonnt und professionell in eine hochinteressante Thematik ein. Auch wer seine Elektronik- und Programmierkenntnisse weiter ausbauen und vertiefen möchte, hat dazu gute Möglichkeiten. Die modernen und zeitgemäßen Atmel AVR-Prozessoren sowie die Programmierung in C sind in Kombination eine zukunftssichere Plattform für lange Zeit. Nach Einführung und Vorstellung der notwendigen Entwicklungsumgebung werden Projekte vorgestellt, die schrittweise zum Ziel führen.Für die meisten Projekte kommt das Atmel AVR-Evaluation-Board zum Einsatz – eine Experimentierplatine aus dem Hause Pollin Electronic. Das gewährleistet den reibungslosen Nachbau der vorgeschlagenen Projekte. Natürlich ist auch die Verwendung eigener Experimentierschaltungen möglich, denn ein erklärtes Ziel des Buches ist es, den Anwender zu selbständigem Arbeiten und Entwickeln zu befähigen.Aus dem Inhalt:• Der passende Mikrocontroller• Die Entwicklungsumgebung• Erste Schritte mit dem Mikrocontroller• Das AVR-Evaluation-Board• I/O-Grundlagen• Flüssigkristalldisplays (LCDs)• Serielle Datenübertragung• Analoge Ein- und Ausgabe• Programmablaufsteuerung mit Interrupts• Timer/Counter• Speicherzugriffe, Bootloader• Serieller Datenbus I²C (TWI) und SPI• Beispielprojekte: DCF 77, GPS, GLONASS, Fernwirken per Handy, Bluetooth, USB, SD-Speicherkarten und mehr

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Dieses Buch richtet sich an jeden, der seinen Raspberry Pi mit dem Windows 10 IoT Core betreiben will. Wie das geht, zeigt der Autor mit dem Entwicklungssystem Visual Studio und Visual Basic als Programmiersprache. Inzwischen gibt es eine große Auswahl an kleinen Sensor-Modulen, die problemlos an den Raspberry Pi angeschlossen werden können – auch wenn sie mitunter für andere Systeme beworben werden, wie etwa für den Arduino. Nicht ohne Grund: Einplatinencomputer sind ohne zusätzliche Peripherie für Elektroniker ziemlich nutzlos. Sie stellen zwar die Rechenleistung und ein Betriebssystem bereit, können aber so gut wie gar nicht mit ihrer Umgebung kommunizieren. Damit ein Computer auch Einfluss auf seine Umwelt nehmen kann, sind Sensoren und Aktoren erforderlich, die von einer Software gesteuert werden, die man selber erstellen kann. Als Einstieg in die Materie wird in diesem Buch auf das auch bei Elektor erhältliche 37 Module umfassende Sensor-Kit zurückgegriffen. In diesem populären Set sind die Sensoren auf einer kleinen Platine montiert und mit Steckverbindern ausgestattet, was den Anschluss via Breadboard oder Drahtbrücken vereinfacht. Mit den auch für Einsteiger einfach anzuwendenden Sensor-Modulen lassen sich schnell erste Erfolge erzielen, ohne dass man groß in die Materie der Elektronik einsteigen muss. Die Funktionsweise und Beschaltung der einzelnen Sensoren wird ausführlich erklärt und ihre Verwendung durch die gut dokumentierten Visual Basic-Beispielprogramme leicht nachvollziehbar gemacht.

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59 Experiments with Arduino IDE and Python The main aim of this book is to teach the Arduino IDE and MicroPython programming languages in ESP32 based projects, using the highly popular ESP32 DevKitC development board. Many simple, basic, and intermediate level projects are provided in the book using the Arduino IDE with ESP32 DevKitC. All projects have been tested and work. Block diagrams, circuit diagrams, and complete program listings of all projects are given with explanations. In addition, several projects are provided for programming the ESP32 DevKitC using MicroPython. The projects provided in this book are designed to teach the following features of the ESP32 processor: GPIOs Touch sensors External interrupts Timer interrupts I²C and I²S SPI PWM ADC DAC UART Hall sensor Temperature sensor Infrared controller Reading and writing to SD card Reading and writing to flash memory RTC timer Chip ID Security and encryption Wi-Fi and network programming Bluetooth BLE programming Communication mobile devices Low power design ESP-IDF programming The projects have been organized with increasing levels of difficulty. Readers are encouraged to tackle the projects in the order given. A specially prepared hardware kit (SKU 18305) is available from Elektor. With the help of this hardware, it should be easy and fun to build the projects in this book.

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Inhalt 30 Watt Röhrenverstärker mit variablem Dämpfungsfaktor 50 Watt Super Trioden Verstärker 300 Watt Röhrenendstufe Digibias: Digitale Ruhestrom-Einstellung und -Überwachung Paper Hatt: Klein, aber fein Origami M und C: Ein Subwoofer-Entwurf für zwei Anwendungsbereiche ScanSpeak Vertigo: Kompaktes Dreiwegesystem Intertrechnik Elip1: Elegante 2-Wege-Kombi zum kleinen Preis Visoton Clou: Prinzip Acoustical Tripath Pro HiFi Fréjus: Für Freunde der gehobenen Lautstärke ASE Someo: Kompakte Koaxial-Kombination ASE Someo-Sub: Aktiver Dipol-Woofer mit Linear Array Transducer MinimA: Ein minimalistischer 120 W Klasse-B-Verstärker Symmetrischer Vorverstärker/Aktives Filter: Ein Standardrezept für verschiedene Anwendungen RelaiXed: Symmetrischer Vorverstärker mit Relais

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