Technology is constantly changing. New microcontrollers become available every year. The one thing that has stayed the same is the C programming language used to program these microcontrollers. If you would like to learn this standard language to program microcontrollers, then this book is for you!
Arduino is the hardware platform used to teach the C programming language as Arduino boards are available worldwide and contain the popular AVR microcontrollers from Atmel.
Atmel Studio is used as the development environment for writing C programs for AVR microcontrollers. It is a full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) that uses the GCC C software tools for AVR microcontrollers and is free to download.
At a glance:
Start learning to program from the very first chapter
No programming experience is necessary
Learn by doing – type and run the example programs
A fun way to learn the C programming language
Ideal for electronic hobbyists, students and engineers wanting to learn the C programming language in an embedded environment on AVR microcontrollers
Use the free full-featured Atmel Studio IDE software for Windows
Write C programs for 8-bit AVR microcontrollers as found on the Arduino Uno and MEGA boards
Example code runs on Arduino Uno and Arduino MEGA 2560 boards and can be adapted to run on other AVR microcontrollers or boards
Use the AVR Dragon programmer/debugger in conjunction with Atmel Studio to debug C programs
In Elektronica Kunst & Kunde worden alle onderwerpen behandeld die ook in standaard elektronica-leerboeken aan de orde komen, plus een groot aantal belangrijke maar vaak veronachtzaamde zaken.
In dit tweede deel aandacht voor onder meer de volgende onderwerpen:
phase-locked loop-schakelingen, opto-elektronica, busschakelingen, capacitieve belasting, bekabeling, interfacing
timing, naaldpulsen, klokvertraging, monostabiele multivibratoren
de IBM-PC en de Intel-fanilie, RS232-kabels, seriële poorten, ASCII, modems, SCSI, IPI, GPIB, parallele poorten, local-area-networks
de 68000-microprocessorfamilie, perifere LSI-chips, geheugen, programmeerbare instrumenten
prototypering, het ontwerpen van printplaten, wire-wrap-technieken, CAD/CAM technieken, de bouw van schakelingen
HF-modules, vereenvoudigd ontwerp van HF-versterkers en high-speed schakelaars
batterijen, accu's en zonnecellen; micropower-regelaars, -opamps en -microprocessoren
methoden om de bandbreedte te beperken, middeling van signalen, lock-in versterkers, pulshoogte-analyse, 'multichannel-scaling'
Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here.
Not a member yet? Click here.
What to expect
This Elektor edition guest-edited by Edge Impulse explores the edge AI workflow, from data collection and model training to deployment and optimization:
End-to-End Edge AIA hands-on object detection series that walks through the complete machine learning pipeline on embedded hardware.
High-Resolution, High-Speed Object Counting (Nvidia Jetson Nano, TensorRT)Pushing inference speed and precision for visual counting applications.
PCB Defect Detection with Computer Vision (Raspberry Pi)Smarter manufacturing through embedded vision.
Smart Building Ventilation with Sensor FusionAI-powered environmental optimization for energy efficiency.
Analog Meter Reading (Arduino Nicla Vision)A TinyML approach to automating analog infrastructure.
Smart Appliance Control Using Voice Commands (Nordic Thingy:53)Speech recognition at the edge.
Liquid Classification with TinyML (Seeed Wio Terminal + TDS Sensor)Combining IoT sensing and embedded ML for fluid analysis.
Surgery Inventory Object DetectionApplying real-time vision to healthcare logistics.
Plus, the magazine includes exclusive interviews with: Edge Impulse co-founders Zach Shelby and Jan Jongboom; Qualcomm Technologies VP of product management Manny Singh; and EDGE AI FOUNDATION CEO Pete Bernard. Also included are a Tech the Future essay titled "AI at the Edge: Powering the Next Generation of Devices," an Industry Case Study on GlobalSense, and more.
Contents
What the Heck Is Edge AI Anyway?Bringing Intelligence to the Device
Meet Edge Impulse StudioEasily Build and Deploy Edge AI Models
Keyword Spotting with Edge ImpulseCollect, Train, and Deploy
Smart Appliance Control Using Voice Commands with the Nordic Thingy:53
Key Terms for Understanding Edge AI and Machine Learning
Crash Course: Getting Started with Edge ImpulseLearn to Collect, Train, and Deploy an ML Model with the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense
A New Chapter for ArduinoFrom Hobby Board to Edge Computing Powerhouse
Getting Started with Object Detection on Edge Devices
PCB Defect DetectionComputer Vision with Raspberry Pi
Scaling AI to the Smallest Devices
Optimizing Power Efficiency in Battery-Driven Edge AI Devices
AI ToasterWhen Edge AI Meets Breakfast
Thundercomm Rubik Pi 3Raspberry Pi Familiarity Meets Edge AI
Leadership, Embedded ML, and the Edge Revolution
Vision Language Models for the EdgeCascading Models for Better Reliability
Get to Know Edge ImpulseQuestions from the Elektor Community
Project Update #5: ESP32-Based Energy MeterUsing Edge AI to Recognize Household Loads
Motion Recognition with Anomaly DetectionAn End-to-End Tutorial
Smart Ventilation System: Fusing Sound and Environmental DataA Dual-MCU Machine Learning Approach for Automated Window and Louver Control
Bringing Voice Control to Earbuds and Headsets
AI at the Edge: Powering the Next Generation of Devices
Learn to interface and program hardware devices in a wide range of useful applications, using ARM7 microcontrollers and the C programming language. Examples covered in full detail include a simple LED to a multi-megabyte SD card running the FAT file system.
Features of this book
Build prototype circuits on breadboard or Veroboard and interface to ARM microcontrollers.
A 32-bit ARM7 microcontroller is used in interfacing and software examples.
Interfacing principles apply to other ARM microcontrollers and other non-ARM microcontrollers as well.
Example programs are written in the C programming language.
Use only free or open source software.
Download and install all programming tools from the Internet.
Template project files are provided for easy project creation.
Hardware
Interface to LEDs, transistors, optocouplers, relays, solenoids, switches, keypads, LCD displays, seven segment displays, DC motors, stepper motors, external analogue signals using the ADC, RS232, RS-485, TWI, USB, SPI and SD memory cards.
Software
Once hardware has been interfaced to a microcontroller, software must be written to control the hardware. You will learn how to write programs to operate externally interfaced hardware devices, use timers and interrupts. Also learn how to port FAT file system code for use with an SD memory card, program the PWM to produce an audio sine wave, program the PWM to speed control a DC motor and more.
A chapter on more advanced ARM microcontrollers is included with an overview of some of the newest ARM microcontrollers and their features.
Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit!
Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken!
ESP32-Audio-Transceiver-Board (Teil 2)Drahtlose Audioübertragung
Induktiver AM-SenderPIO des Pico in einem Arduino-Sketch
Navigieren durch drahtlose ProtokolleEin technischer Leitfaden
Satellitenverfolgung mit LoRaDas TinyGS-Netzwerk: Raumfahrtdaten gelangen zur Erde
4G-kompatible SMS-FernbedienungSteuern Sie Ihr Zuhause per Telefon aus der Ferne
Hochgeschwindigkeits-TastkopfHochohmige Eingänge für Signale bis 200 MHz
Aus dem Leben gegriffenKafka
KrakenSDREin phasenkohärenter SDR-Empfänger
Geschwindigkeitstests mit dem RP2350Lohnt sich der Umstieg von Raspberry Pi Pico 1 auf Version 2?
Kontaktlose E-Feld-Messungen (2)Ein Laser-Vibrometer zur Erfassung der Membranschwingungen
Quarze und OszillatorenQuarzgenauigkeit durch die Kondensatorwahl verbessern
Aller Anfang ...... ist gar nicht schwer: Spezielle Audio-ICs
Einstieg ins Programmieren von Selbstbauprojekten
SPECTRAN® V6 MobileModular konfigurierbarer Echtzeit-Spektrum-Analyzer für zuverlässige Messungen in allen Frequenzbereichen
Die Zukunft der KI wird in Silizium geschmiedetEin Interview mit Anastasiia Nosova
Autonomer Sensorknoten v2.0 (Systemarchitektur)Solarbetriebene Sensorplattform mit integriertem GPS, LoRaWAN und weiteren Funktionen
Präzise PositionsbestimmungBluetooth Channel Sounding ausprobiert
Die Zukunft der Wireless-KommunikationDie ultradünnen Festkörperbatterien von BTRY
Testgetriebene Programmierung in der Firmware-Entwicklung
Handy-gesteuertes ModellautoWLAN + ESP32 + Smartphone = Fernsteuerung
2025: Eine KI-OdysseeKI-Denkmodelle: die Gedankenketten-Revolution
Solarladeregler mit MPP-TrackingTeil 3: Software und Inbetriebnahme
Web-Streaming-Kamera mit Raspberry Pi ZeroVerwendung des ZeroTier-VPN
Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden.
Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten.
OBD2-sensordashboardOude meters vormden het startpunt van een zoektocht naar echte gegevens
OBD2: voeg een toerenteller en schakelindicator toe aan je autoRetro, maar uiterst nuttig
LiDAR- en Visiesensoren voor Robotica
Sensor+Test 2025 en PCIM 2025
Contactloze E-Veldmetingen (1)Een Trillende Membraan voor het Detecteren van Gelijkspanningen of Statische Elektrische Velden
Draadloze brievenbusmeldervan optische sensoren tot radar: enkele mogelijkheden
Elektor Mini-Wheelieeen zelfbalancerende robot
ZonnecellenVreemde onderdelen, de serie
Aan de slag met een moderne radarsensorStaat een nauwkeurige meting op uw radar?
Uit het leven gegrepenpapierfabriek
CybersecurityZware tijden voor hackers
Infographics: IoT en sensoren 2025
Bluetooth 6.0 brengt verbeterde toepassingen voor afstandsbepalingNieuwe versie biedt betere apparaatpositionerings- en -locatieservices
Draadloze communicatie verkennen met BeagleY-AI
Err-lectronicsCorrecties, updates en lezerspost
Alle begin......sluit het thema opamps af
Een krachtige AI-codeerassistentsneller ontwikkelen met Continue en Visual Studio Code
Zonne-laadregelaar met MPPT (2)Het schema
Ultrasone obstakeldetectoreen eenvoudig project om slechtzienden te helpen
2025: Een AI-odysseeHalfjaaroverzicht
Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI-synthesizer (3)Het slimmer maken en een gebruikersinterface toevoegen
Meshtastic: een demonstratieprojectEen slim netwerk van LoRa-radio's
Analoge audio-frequentiegeneratorHoogwaardige sinusgenerator met instelbare frequentie
From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs
Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak.
These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design.
In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower.
On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better.
Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303.
Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply.
To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed.
This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.
Resonances From Aether Days
A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age
From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day.
All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history.
My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.
Practical Low-Cost Methods for Reliable PCB Production
This book explains how to carry out reliable SMD assembly using affordable tools and small-scale equipment. It follows the complete workflow step by step, including tool selection, solder paste handling, stencil use, component placement, reflow methods, inspection, and rework.
The focus is on bench-level and small-lab production rather than industrial assembly lines. It shows practical methods for building single and double-sided SMD boards with repeatable results.
Topics include solder paste and flux, temperature profiles, hot air and hotplate techniques, small reflow ovens, inspection methods, and defect correction. Checklists and example workflows are included to help reduce errors and improve consistency.
Key features:
Tools and supplies for SMD assembly and rework
Solder paste types, storage, and handling
Stencils and paste application methods
Pick and place workflow and component orientation
Temperature profiles and reflow methods
Hot air, hotplate, and reflow oven processes
Inspection and quality control
Common defects such as tombstoning and solder bridges
Practical rework and component replacement
Bench-level professional workflows and checklists
This book is designed as a practical bench reference for anyone who wants to assemble and troubleshoot their own SMD boards with reliable results.
The author, Johan Basse Bergqvist, is an engineer, a musician, and an audiophile with a knack for building projects that produce the desired results. The combination of these skills leads to a uniquely valuable perspective on audio design that is routinely reflected in the book and passed on to the readers.
Several design projects are provided, 40 in total. The designs are explained, and the unique features or methods he uses are described in further detail. Each design includes detailed schematics and a complete parts list. Many of the projects also include layout documentation in the form of CAD photos of the PCB layouts. The range of projects is very diverse and includes something that will appeal to everyone. Stereo amplifiers, guitar and bass amplifiers, preamplifiers for phono, and microphones are all covered. Several variants for each type are included, and the power amplifier designs range from a few watts to several hundred watts, which meet almost any power level you might tackle.
Mit einem Arduino-Board ohne zusätzliche Sensoren kann man nicht viel anfangen. Dieses Buch richtet sich an jeden, der seinem Arduino-Uno-Board mit Hilfe von zahlreichen Sensoren Leben einhauchen möchte. Wie das geht, zeigt der Autor Schritt für Schritt mit zahlreichen Abbildungen, und das in einer leicht verständlichen Sprache.Damit ein Mikrocontroller wie der Arduino Uno Einfluss auf seine Umwelt nehmen kann, sind Sensoren und Aktoren erforderlich, die von einer Software gesteuert werden. Inzwischen gibt es eine große Auswahl an Sensor-Modulen, die an das Arduino-Board angeschlossen werden können.Als Einstieg in die faszinierende Welt der Sensorik wird in diesem Buch auf das auch bei Elektor erhältliche 37 Module umfassende Sensor-Kit zurückgegriffen. In diesem populären Set sind die Sensoren auf einer kleinen Platine montiert und mit Steckverbindern ausgestattet, was den Anschluss via Breadboard oder Drahtbrücken vereinfacht. Mit den auch für Einsteiger einfach anzuwendenden Sensor-Modulen lassen sich schnell beeindruckende Erfolge erzielen, ohne dass man tief in die Materie der Elektronik eintauchen muss.Die Funktionsweise und Beschaltung der einzelnen Sensoren wird ausführlich erklärt und ihre Verwendung durch die gut dokumentierten Beispielprogramme leicht nachvollziehbar gemacht.
DIE NEURONEN IN NEURONALEN NETZWERKEN VERSTEHEN Teil 1. Künstliche Neuronen
EMV-VOR-KONFORMITÄTSTESTER FÜR IHR PROJEKT MIT DC-VERSORGUNG Teil 1: Was ist eine Netznachbildung?
ELEKTRONISCHE LAST FÜR DC UND AC Bis zu 400 V und 10 A
ALLER ANFANG … ist gar nicht schwer!
NVIDIA JETSON NANO - BILDVERARBEITUNG FÜR EINSTEIGER Teil 1: Hard- und Software im Überblick
NETZTRANSFORMATOREN AUS DER NÄHE BETRACHTET Wie verhalten Sie sich beim Ein- und Ausschalten?
PICAN 3 – JA, DAS KÖNNEN WIR! CAN-Zusatzboard für Raspberry Pi 4
BALKONKRAFTWERK Selbst installiert = schnell amortisiert!
FOTOGRAFIEREN UND VIDEO-STREAMING MIT DEM RASPBERRY PI 4 Die High-Quality-Kamera des Raspberry Pi in der Praxis
VERWENDUNG VON DISPLAYS IN RASPBERRY-PI-PROJEKTEN Beispiel-Kapitel: Organische Leuchtdioden-Displays (OLED)
PARALLAX-PROPELLER 2 Teil 4: Senden von Strings
60 JAHRE ELEKTOR: SEPTEMBER-RENAISSANCE Der Plan, der Plan, ein leerer Wahn ...
ZUTRITT FÜR UNBEFUGE VERBOTEN ERWÜNSCHT In Friesland, wo die Röhren blühen ...
HYBRIDE SCHALTUNGEN Bemerkenswerte Bauteile
KOMPASSROSE MIT DEM GY-271 Oder, warum man mit dem Handy aufpassen muss…
KENNEN SIE IHREN FUSSABDRUCK Berechnen Sie die CO2-Bilanz Ihrer Elektronik
ESP32-VERBUNDENES THERMOSTAT Lagern Sie Ihren Wein bei der richtigen Temperatur!
MAGNETISCHE LEVITATION DIE DIGITALE ART Ein ESP32 Pico ersetzt den analogen Komparator
ULTIMATE ARDUINO UNO HARDWAREHANDBUCH Ein beispielhaftes Kapitel: Bootloader für den Haupt-Mikrocontroller
MICROPYTHON FÜR DEN ESP32 UND CO. Teil 2. Matrix-Displays einfach ansteuern
MADMACHINE SWIFTIO-KARTE Moderne Sprache trifft moderne Hardware
AUS DEM LEBEN GEGRIFFEN Eine elektronische On/Off-Beziehung
HEXADOKUS Sudoku für Elektroniker
