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From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass "The story of electricity, told one connection at a time."Why does rubbing amber attract dust? How did we go from that curious effect to a world where screens respond to a single touch? And how did we get from mysterious sparks to tiny chips packed with billions of transistors? For centuries, electricity puzzled and fascinated those who encountered its curious effects—long before it even had a name. From the earliest observations of static charge to the complex electronics that shape our lives today, this book traces the gradual, and often surprising, story of how humanity came to understand and harness this powerful force. This book offers an engaging and accessible account of the people, ideas, and inventions that transformed electricity from a scientific curiosity into the foundation of our digital age. Along the way, you’ll meet a host of inquisitive minds—some famous, others less so—whose persistence and creativity helped unravel the mysteries of the natural world and gave rise to the technologies we now take for granted. Covering everything from Leyden jars and batteries to transistors, microcontrollers and the internet, this book presents a clear and enjoyable overview of electronics and its relatively short, yet rich, history. Whether you have a technical background or simply a curiosity about how things work, From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass offers a thoughtful look at how far we’ve come—and a gentle nudge to wonder what might come next.

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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Features Bandwidth: DC-800 KHz Maximum measurable current: 100 Apk (70.7 Arms) Max. conductor diameter: 13 mm Auto & Manual "Zero" function Directly powered by USB port Standard BNC interface, compatible with any oscilloscope Technische Daten Bandwidth DC-800 KHz Rise time <= 583 ns Ranges 10 A / 100 A Output sensitivity 0.1 V/A (10 A) 0.01 V/A (100 A) DC accuracy 3% ±50 mA (10 A) 4% ±50 mA (100 A, 500 mA - 40 Apk) 15% (100 A, 40 Apk -100 Apk) Signal delay < 150 ns (10 A) < 200ns (100 A) Current measurement range 50 mA - 10 Apk (10 A) 1 A - 100 Apk (100 A) Max. Voltage CAT III 300 V CAT II 600 V Power supply DC 5 V Downloads Quick Guide Datasheet Manual

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Menno van der Veen is well known for his research publications on tube amplifiers used in audio systems. In this book he describes one of his research projects which focuses on the question of whether full compensation for distortion in tubes and output transformers is possible. In the past, a variety of techniques have been developed. One of them has largely been forgotten: trans-conductance, which means converting current into voltage or voltage into current. Menno van der Veen has breathed new life into this technique with his research project titled “Trans”. This book discusses all aspects of this method and discusses its pitfalls. These pitfalls are addressed one by one. The end result is a set of stringent requirements for Trans amplifiers. Armed with these requirements, Menno then develops new Trans amplifiers, starting with Transie 1 and Transie 2. These DC-coupled, single-ended tube amplifiers have unusually good characteristics and are suitable for hobbyist construction. Next the Trans principle is applied to amplifiers with higher output power. A trial-and-error process ultimately leads to the Vanderveen Trans 30 amplifier, which optimizes the features of Trans. The characteristics of this amplifier are so special and unique that Menno believes he has struck gold. To ensure that variations in tube characteristics cannot interfere with optimal Trans behavior, Menno makes use of simulations and comparison with other amplifier types. This book reads like an adventure story, but it is much more – it is an account of solid research into new ways to achieve optimal audio reproduction.

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Build Smart Applications with Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 Discover how easy and exciting mobile app development can be with MIT App Inventor. This hands-on guide takes you from basic concepts to building real-world mobile applications using a simple visual programming approach—no prior coding experience required. You will create IoT and AI-powered apps for Android devices and explore how App Inventor can also be used with iPhones and iPads. Connect your applications to platforms such as Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico (2)W and Raspberry Pi 5, enabling you to build smart, connected systems. Inside the book, you will learn how to: Build interactive apps using buttons, images, sound, and multimedia Create text-to-speech and speech-recognition applications Develop camera-based and location-aware (GPS) apps Design useful tools such as calculators and educational apps Work with smartphone sensors like accelerometers and light sensors Build AI-powered applications, including voice assistants and image-generation features Send and receive messages, and create communication-based apps Connect mobile apps to hardware using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Control real devices such as LEDs, motors, and sensors Designed for beginners, students, and hobbyists, this book focuses on learning by doing. By the end, you will have the skills and confidence to create your own innovative applications that interact with both the digital and physical worlds. Start building and turning your ideas into reality.

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Learning circuit design the fun way Welcome to the world of electronics! Getting started in electronics is not as difficult as you may think. Using this book, you will explore and learn the most important electrical and electronics engineering concepts in a fun way by doing various experiments and by simulating circuits. It will teach you electronics practically without getting into complex technical jargon and long calculations. As a result, you will be creating your own projects soon. No prior knowledge of electronics is required, only some basic algebra is used in a few simple calculations. Many tested and working projects and simulations are presented to familiarise yourself with the construction of electronic circuits. Circuit simulation is introduced at an early stage to enable you to experiment with circuits easily without breaking anything. You will learn: The concepts of voltage, current, and power AC and DC Basic lamp circuits with switches Passive components: resistors, capacitors & inductors RC & RCL circuits Electromagnetism Loudspeakers, relays, buzzers, and transformers Active components: diodes & LEDs, bipolar transistors & MOSFETs Transistor-based switching circuits Optocoupler circuits Astable & monostable multivibrators Using the 555 timer IC The operational amplifier Digital logic Advanced examples: amplifiers, oscillators, filters, and sensors Test and measurement tools Microcontrollers: Arduino UNO, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico, and Raspberry Pi Reading datasheets and best practices for selecting components EMC & EMI and norms & regulations

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Learn to Build Intelligent Embedded Systems Build smarter embedded systems with Arduino UNO Q. This book gives you the tools, knowledge, and confidence to turn ideas into intelligent, working solutions using the Arduino UNO Q platform. Discover how to build intelligent embedded systems with the Arduino UNO Q and AI. Unlock the full potential of the Arduino UNO Q, a next-generation platform that combines the real-time power of the STM32U585 microcontroller with the flexibility of a Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 microprocessor. Learn how to rapidly prototype real-world applications using the Arduino IDE for low-level embedded control and Python in Arduino App Lab for high-level development. Build confidence through hands-on projects that guide you step by step from basic board features to complete working systems. Explore ready-to-use, AI based Arduino App Lab examples and see how they can jump-start your development and reduce time to deployment. Step into the world of Edge AI with a clear, practical introduction to Edge Impulse Studio—no prior AI experience required. Follow a complete, real-world workflow to create a Keyword Spotting AI application, covering data collection, model training, optimization, and on-device inference using the Edge Impulse Studio. Bridge the gap between embedded systems and machine learning and learn how to bring intelligence directly onto your hardware. Perfect for embedded engineers, educators, students, and makers looking to stay ahead in AI-enabled product development.

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Aus dem Inhalt Über ein Jahrhundert Triode Neues vom Röhrenmarkt Siebketten mit Drossel, Widerstand und Kondensatoren Inserentenverzeichnis Eintakt-A-Endstufe mit der Triode 833 Gegentakt-AB-Endstufe mit der 6C33 Gegentakt-Triodenstufe mit ECC 99 und ECC 832 Phonovorstufe in Röhrentechnik Mehrkanalverstärker High-End-Audio Digital-Analog-Converter (DAC) Röhrensound mit Halbleitern Leserbrief CD-Two MKII Röhrendaten mit Sockelschaltungen

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Der HDS242 ist ein tragbares 2-in-1-Multifunktionsmessgerät, das als 2-Kanal-Oszilloskop und Multimeter verwendet werden kann. Es verfügt über ein kontrastreiches 3,5-Zoll-Farbdisplay und eignet sich für die Wartung von Außenanlagen, schnelle Vor-Ort-Messungen, die Wartung von Kraftfahrzeugen, die Erkennung von Energie usw.FeaturesOszilloskop + MultimeterHochauflösendes, kontrastreiches 3,5-Zoll-LCD-Farbdisplay – für den Außeneinsatz geeignet18650 Lithium Batterie – bis zu 6 Stunden Dauerbetrieb möglichUSB Typ-C-Schnittstelle – unterstützt Powerbank und PC-VerbindungSelbst-KalibrierungsfunktionSCPI unterstützt für sekundäre EntwicklungTechnische DatenOszilloskopBandbreite40 MHzKanäle2-Kanal-OszilloskopAbtastrate250 MSa/sAkquisitionsmodellNormal, Spitzenwert erkennenDatensatzlänge8KAnzeigen3,5-Zoll-LCDWellenform-Aktualisierungsrate10.000 wfrms/sEingangskopplungDC, AC und ErdeEingangsimpedanz1 MΩ ±2%, parallel zu 16 pF ±10 pFSondendämpfungsfaktoren1X, 10X, 100X, 1000X, 10000XMax. Eingangsspannung400 V (DC+AC, PK-PK, 1 MΩ Eingangsimpedanz) (10:1 Sondendämpfung)Bandbreitenbegrenzung (typisch)20 MHzHorizontale Skala5 ns/div - 1000 s/div, schrittweise 1 - 2 - 52 ns/div - 1000 s/div, schrittweise 1 - 2 - 55 ns/div - 1000 s/div, schrittweise um 1 - 2 - 52ns/div - 1000s/div, schrittweise um 1 - 2 - 5Vertikale Empfindlichkeit10 mV/div - 10 V/divVertikale Auflösung8 BitTriggertypRandTrigger-ModiAuto, Normal, EinzelAutomatische MessungFrequenz, Periode, Amplitude, Max, Min, Mittelwert, PK-PKCursor-MessungΔV, ΔT, ΔT & ΔV zwischen CursornMultimeterMax. Auflösung20.000 CountsTestmodusSpannungs-, Strom-, Widerstands-, Kapazitäts-, Dioden- und DurchgangsprüfungEingangsimpedanz10 MΩMax. EingangsspannungWechselspannung: 750 V | Gleichstrom: 1000 VMax. EingangsstromGleichstrom: 10 A | Wechselstrom: 10 ADiode0-2 VAndereKonnektivitätUSB-CAbmessungen198 x 96 x 38 mmGewicht600 g (ohne Batterien)Lieferumfang1x OWON HDS242 Oszilloskop1x Tasche1x Tastkopf1x Netzkabel1x Tastkopfjustierung1x USB-Kabel1x Netzadapter1x Paar Sondenkabel für Multimeter (rot und schwarz)1x Paar Oszilloskop-Tastkopfkabel (BNC auf Krokodilklemme)1x Benutzerhandbuch (Englisch)DownloadsUser Manual für HDS200 Serie (Deutsch)SCPI Protocol for HDS200 SeriesQuick Guide for HDS200 SeriesPC Software for OWON HDS200 Series

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Dieser mehrachsige Roboter bringt Leistung und Größe perfekt in Einklang. Features 5 Achsen Nutzlast: 5 kg Reichweite: 700 mm Wiederholgenauigkeit: 0,1 mm Maximale Geschwindigkeit 1000 mm/s Anwendungen Maschinenwartung Bin Picking Mobile Plattform Laborautomatisierung Roboterforschung Langlebige kollaborative Roboter für Ihre Automatisierung Harmonische Antriebe und Servomotoren in Industriequalität garantieren einen ununterbrochenen Betrieb rund um die Uhr. Hergestellt aus Kohlefaser, 15 kg Gewicht ermöglichen einen einfacheren Einsatz. Flexible Bereitstellung mit sicherer Funktion Handprogrammierung, leicht, platzsparend und einfach für mehrere Anwendungen einsetzbar, ohne Ihr Produktionslayout zu ändern. Perfekt für wiederkehrende Aufgaben. Kollisionserkennung ist für alle unsere Cobots verfügbar. Ihre Sicherheit hat immer oberste Priorität. Grafische Oberfläche für einsteigerfreundliche Programmierung Kompatibel mit verschiedenen Betriebssystemen, einschließlich macOS und Windows. Webbasierte Technologie, kompatibel mit allen gängigen Browsern. Drag & Drop, um Ihren Code in wenigen Minuten zu erstellen. Leistungsstarkes und Open-Source-SDK immer zur Hand Das voll funktionsfähige Open-Source-Python/C++-SDK bietet eine flexiblere Programmierung. ROS/ROS2-Pakete sind einsatzbereit. Beispielcodes helfen Ihnen, den Roboterarm reibungslos einzusetzen. Technische Daten UFactory 850 xArm 5 xArm 6 xArm 7 Nutzlast 5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3,5 kg Reichweite 850 mm 700 mm 700 mm 700 mm Freiheitsgrade 6 5 6 7 Wiederholbarkeit ±0,02 mm ±0,1 mm ±0,1 mm ±0,1 mm Maximale Geschwindigkeit 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s Gewicht (nur Roboterarm) 20 kg 11,2 kg 12,2 kg 13,7 kg Maximale Geschwindigkeit 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s Joint 1 ±360° ±360° ±360° ±360° Joint 2 -132°～132° -118°～120° -118°～120° -118°～120° Joint 3 -242°~3.5° -225°~11° -225°~11° ±360° Joint 4 ±360° -97°~180° ±360° -11°～225° Joint 5 -124°~124° ±360° -97°~180° ±360° Joint 6 ±360° ±360° -97°~180° Joint 7 ±360° Hardware Umgebungstemperaturbereich 0-50°C Stromverbrauch Min. 8,4 W, typisch 200 W, max. 400 W Eingangsstromversorgung 24 V DC, 16,5 A Fußabdruck Ø 126 mm Materialien Aluminium, Kohlefaser Basis-Connector-Typ M5x5 Reinraum der ISO-Klasse 5 Robotermontage Alle Endeffektor-Kommunikationsprotokoll Modbus RTU(rs485) Endeffektor-E/A 2x DI/2x DO/2x AI/1x RS485 Kommunikationsmodus Ethernet Lieferumfang 1x xArm 5 Roboterarm 1x AC-Steuerbox 1x Roboterarm-Stromkabel 1x Roboterarm-Endeffektor-Adapterkabel 1x Roboterarm-Signalkabel 1x Steuerbox-Stromkabel 1x Netzwerkkabel 1x Montagewerkzeug 1x Kurzanleitung

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! Die Open-Source-Prozessorarchitektur RISC-V16 Boards und MCUs, die Sie kennen sollten Audio-Player mit FPGA und EqualizerTeil 1. Digitale Audiosignale mischen mit einem MKR Vidor 4000 von Arduino Laserkopf für Pico-basierte SanduhrZeichnen mit Licht Nehmen Sie teil am STM32 Edge AI Contest! Umweltüberwachung von Pflanzen mit mehreren SensorenDrahtlose Messung der Wasserversorgung und Lichtverhältnisse Maixduino: Automatischer KI-TüröffnerGesichtserkennung mit einer Kamera Embedded-Elektronik 2024KI wird die Branche neu definieren Ladungsbasiertes In-Memory Compute bei EnCharge AI KI-Inferencing bei 10-fach geringerer Leistungsaufnahme zu 20-fach geringeren Kosten Click-Board hilft bei der Entwicklung und dem Training von ML-Modellen für die Schwingungsanalyse Der Elektor Mini-WheelieEin Bausatz für einen selbstbalancierenden Roboter MCU, ich sehe dich!MCUViewer, ein Open-Source-Multiplattform-Debugging-Werkzeug USB-2.0-IsolatorGeräte galvanisch isoliert per USB verbinden Eingriff vor dem SchadenPredictive Maintenance in der Praxis SPoE - Elektromagnetische VerträglichkeitSingle-Pair mit Power-over-Ethernet im EMV-Fokus Retro-TechnikWie das Farbfernsehen eine neue Welt schuf EKG-MonitorMit Hexabitz-Modulen und einem STM32CubeMonitor Der Kampf um KI at the Edge HaLow erreicht Rekorddistanz von 16 km für WLAN bei 900 MHz Erster CHERI RISC-V-Embedded Chip und Early Access Programm Die dritte Generation der Waldbrandfrüherkennung nutzt Satellitenverbindungen Aus dem Leben gegriffenDie Qual der Wahl Aller Anfang......ist nicht schwer: Wir setzen die Filterung und Klangregelung fort. Riesen-LED-UhrNeuauflage eines Elektor-Klassikers Ein modularer Ansatz für die SensorprüfungDas Sensor Evaluation Board mit ESP32-S3 2025: Eine Odyssee in die KIDer Aufstieg der Basismodelle und ihre Rolle bei der Demokratisierung der KImocratizing AI Standalone MIDI-Synthesizer mit Raspberry PTeil 1: Eine Plattform für Edge-KI-Experimente vorbereiten Projekt 2.0Korrekturen, Updates und Leserbriefe CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA; ein universeller KI-RISC-V-Prozessor kann alles! CEO-Interview: Ventivas dünne und kühle Technologie Dual-Core-Programmierung beim Raspberry Pi PicoEinstieg in die Welt der parallelen Programmierung

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Die OWON ADS900A-Serie ist ein kompaktes 12-Bit-Digitaloszilloskop mit bis zu 2 GSa/s, 100 MPTS Speicher und 125/250 MHz Bandbreite. Mit seinem 7"-Multitouch-Display, FFT, Protokolldekodierung und integriertem Logikanalysator ermöglicht es eine präzise Signalanalyse für Labor-, Werkstatt- und Feldanwendungen. Technische Daten ADS914A ADS924A Bandwidth (-3 dB) 125 MHz 250 MHz Channels 4 Max. sample rate 2 GSa/s (single-channel) 1 GSa/s (dual-channel) 500 MSa/s (full-channel) DC Gain Accuracy 3% (≤1 mV) 2% (≥2 mV) Max memory depth 100M Vertical resolution 12 bits Relay time accuracy ±25 ppm (typical) Input Impedance 1 MΩ±2%, parallel with20 pF±5 pF Probe Attenuation Coefficient 1.00μX-1M.00X,step by 1-2-5, support custom Trigger type Edge, Video, Pulse, Slope, Runt, Windows, Timeout, Nth, Logic, RS232/UART, I²C, SPI CAN, LIN Bus decoding RS232/UART, I²C, SPI, CAN, LIN Auto measurement Period, Frequency, +Width, -Width, Rise Time, Fall Time, Scr Duty, +Duty,-Duty, Vavg, Vpp, VRMS, Overshoot, Vmax, Vmin, Vtop, CycRms, Vbase, Vamp, Preshoot, Std Dev, +Pulse Cnt, -Pulse Cnt, Rise Cnt, Fall Cnt, Area, Cyc Area, Delay(A↑-B↑), Delay(A↑-B↓), Delay(A↓-B↑), Delay(A↓-B↓), Phase(A↑-B↑) Phase(A↑-B↓), Phase(A↓-B↑), Phase(A↓-B↓), FRR(A↑-B↑), FRF(A↑-B↓) FFR(A↓-B↑), FFF(A↓-B↓), LRR(A↑-B↑), LRF(A↑-B↓), LFR(A↓-B↑), LFF(A↓-B↓) Waveform Math +, -, *, /, &&, ||, ^, ！, Intg, Diff, Sqrt, Function operation (Lg / Ln / Exp / Abs / Sine / Cosine / Tan), FFT, FFT rms, User Defined, digital filter (low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject) Frequency counter 6-digit frequency counter Maximum frequency: maximum analog bandwidth of oscilloscope Voltmeter Support DC, AC+DCrms, ACrms, Resolution: 4 digits (ACV/DCV) Logical Analyzer Specifications Number of channels 16 input channels (D0-D15) (D0 to D7, D8 to D15) Max. input voltage ±40V peak CAT I, transient overvoltage 800Vpk Input Impedance 100kΩ, 8 pF Vertical resolution 1 bit Other Communication Interface HDMI, USB device, USB Host, Trig Out (P/F), LAN Display 7 inch (1024x600), capacitive multi-touch screen Power supply interface USB-C Dimensions 260 x 160 x 78 mm Weight 1.5 kg Lieferumfang 1x OWON ADS924A Oszilloskop 1x Netzteil 1x Netzkabel 1x USB-Kabel 1x Sonde 1x Quick Guide Downloads Manual Quick Guide PC Software

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